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In the introduction, among others, the correspondence between Gottlieb Frege and David Hilbert (from the beginning of the 20th century) about foundations of geometry is reported.  The titles of the subsequent sections are: Gauss, Measurement and the Pythagorean Theorem; Euclidean Traditions and ``anschauliche Geometrie''; What about Spherical Geometry? On the Shoulders of Ancient Giants; Gauss and the Intrinsic Geometry of Surfaces; Slow Acceptance of the Non-Euclidean Geometry. In particular, in the second section (``Euclidean Traditions \\dots''), the book by D. Hilbert and S. Cohn-Vossen [``Geometry and Imagination'', Chelsea, New York, (1965)] is reminded as well as the drama by L. Carroll (Ch. Dodgson) [``Euclid and His Modern Rivals'', Macmillan, London, 1885; repr. Dover, New York, (1972)].  In the last section ``Slow Acceptance \\dots'' there is pointed out the significance of the Bernhard Riemann's lecture on the foundations of geometry, delivered in G\u00f6ttingen in 1853, cf. B. Riemann [Abhandlungen der Kgl. Gesselschaft der Wissenschaften zu G\u00f6ttingen 13, 133-152 (1867)]. 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