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Assigning weights to the edges of \\(\\Gamma\\) allows to define a probability measure on the set of dimer configurations. The main result of this article is a Pfaffian formula for the partition function of the dimer model on any graph \\(\\Gamma\\) embedded in a closed, possibly non-orientable surface \\(\\Sigma\\). The relation between Kasteleyn orientations and spin structures derived in a previous article [\\textit{D. Cimasoni} and \\textit{N. Reshetikhin}, Commun. Math. Phys. 275, No. 1, 187--208 (2007; Zbl 1135.82006)] does not hold for graphs embedded in non-orientable surfaces, as neither spin-structures nor Kasteleyn orientations make sense in this setting. The purpose here is to extend the geometric approach of the dimer model to any graph embedded in (possibly) non-orientable surfaces. The main idea is to replace spin structures by \\(\\text{pin}^{ - }\\) structures on \\(\\Sigma\\), and to find a natural correspondence between these \\(\\text{pin}^{ - }\\) structures and some orientations on \\(\\Gamma\\), that are also called here Kasteleyn orientations. Then \\(\\text{pin}^{ - }\\) structures on \\(\\Gamma\\) are identified with quadratic enhancements of the intersection form on \\(H_1(\\Gamma ; \\mathbb{Z}_2)\\) to obtain the Pfaffian formulae. 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