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Let \\(f\\), \\(g\\) be two totally multiplicative functions from \\(\\mathbb N\\) to the complex unit disc. Then \\(f(n)\\) is said to ``pretend'' to be \\(g(n)\\) if the sum  \\[ \\sum_{p\\leq x}{1\\over p} (1- \\text{Re}(f(p)\\,\\overline g(p)) \\]  is bounded. The author describes how the idea of pretentiousness can play a useful role in the study of various well-known problems. In this context he discusses in particular the prime number theorem, large character sums, sums over arithmetic progressions and exponential sums. He quotes several results from the paper [``Multiplicative Functions in Arithmetic Progressions'', to appear, \\url{http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0702389}] by \\textit{A. Balog, A. Granville} and \\textit{K. Soundararajan}. One of these theorems states that if the mean value of \\(f\\) is ``large'' in an arithmetic progression mod \\(q\\), then \\(f(n)\\) pretends to be \\(\\chi(n)n^{it}\\) for some Dirichlet character \\(\\chi\\bmod q\\) and some ``small'' real \\(t\\). Several related papers by the author and \\textit{K. Soundararajan} are listed in the references and referred to in the text. In particular in [J. Am. Math. Soc. 20, 357--384 (2007; Zbl 1210.11090] they prove that if the character sum \\(|\\sum_{n\\leq x}\\chi(n)|\\) is ``large'', where \\(\\chi\\) is a character mod \\(q\\), then \\(\\chi\\) pretends to be a character \\(\\psi\\bmod m\\) for \\(m\\leq (\\log q)^{1/3}\\). Various other key results (too complicated to state here) are described and 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