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Let \\(m \\geq 1\\) be an integer and \\(N > 2m\\). Let \\(\\mu\\) be a positive Radon measure on \\({\\mathbb R}^N\\) and \\(l \\in {\\mathbb R}\\). Then the authors proved that if \\(u\\) is a solution of \\((-\\Delta)^m u = \\mu\\) on \\({\\mathbb R}^N\\) in the distribution sense and for a.e. \\(x \\in {\\mathbb R}^N\\),   \\[  \\liminf_{R\\to \\infty}\\frac{1}{R^N}\\int_{R\\leq |x-y|\\leq 2R} |u(y) - l| \\,dy = 0,\\tag{1}  \\]   then \\(u \\in L^l_{\\text{loc}}({\\mathbb R}^N)\\) and   \\[  u(x) = l + C \\int_{{\\mathbb R}^N} \\frac{d\\mu(y)}{|x-y|^{N-2m}}\\quad \\text{a.e. } x\\in {\\mathbb R}^N,\\tag{2}  \\]   where \\(C\\) is a positive constant depending only on \\(m\\) and \\(N\\). The converse is also true. As a corollary, one can replace the positive Radon measure \\(\\mu\\) by a function \\(h \\in L^l_{\\text{loc}}({\\mathbb R}^N)\\). Namely if \\(u\\) is a distributional solution of \\((-\\Delta)^m u \\geq h\\) and (1) holds, then \\(u\\) has of the form (2) when \\(d\\mu\\) is replaced by \\(h\\).   As a consequence of the representation formula (2), the authors obtained some Liouville theorems. For instance, let \\(p >1\\) and let \\(u \\in L^1_{\\text{loc}}({\\mathbb R}^N)\\) be a distributional solution of \\((-\\Delta)^m u \\geq 0\\) with \\(N > 2m\\). If \\(u \\in L^p({\\mathbb R}^N)\\) with \\((N-2m)p \\leq N\\) or \\(u \\in L^p_\\omega({\\mathbb R}^N)\\), the weak-\\(L^p\\) space, with \\((N-2m)p < N\\), then \\(u \\equiv 0\\) a.e. on \\({\\mathbb R}^N\\).  Next, the authors obtained some representation formulae and related Liouville theorems for polyharmonic systems related with the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev system (HLS for brevity). Using their representation formulae for polyharmonic systems, the authors proved a non-existence result for non-negative radial solutions of the HLS systems of integral 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