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The authors study the long-standing problem of finding criteria for \\(H\\) to be a spectral operator of scalar type. Recall that \\(T\\) is a spectral operator (in the sense of Dunford) in a Hilbert space \\(\\mathcal H\\) if it possesses a spectral measure \\(E_T(\\cdot)\\) (i.e., a homomorphism from the \\(\\sigma\\)-algebra of Borel subsets of \\(\\mathbb C\\) into the Boolean algebra of projection operators on \\(\\mathcal H\\) that it bounded and satisfies \\(E_T({\\mathbb C})=I\\)) such that, for every Borel set \\(\\omega\\), \\(E_T(\\omega)\\) commutes with \\(T\\) and the spectrum of the restriction of \\(T\\) onto \\(E_T(\\omega)\\) is contained in the closure \\(\\overline{\\omega}\\) of \\(\\omega\\). A spectral operator \\(S\\) is of scalar type if   \\[  S = \\mathop{\\text{s-lim}}_{n\\uparrow \\infty} \\int_{|\\lambda|\\leq n} \\lambda \\,d E_S(\\lambda);  \\]   such operators are similar to normal ones.  The authors give two criteria for the Hill operator~\\(H\\) to be spectral of scalar type. Denote by \\(\\theta(z,\\,\\cdot\\,)\\) and \\(\\varphi(z,\\,\\cdot\\,)\\) solutions of \\(-\\psi'' +V\\psi = z^2\\psi\\) subject to the initial conditions \\(\\theta(z,0)= \\varphi'(z,0) =1\\) and \\(\\theta'(z,0)= \\varphi(z,0) =0\\) and set \\(\\Delta_\\pm (z)= [\\theta(z,\\pi) \\pm \\varphi'(z,\\pi)]/2\\); then the triple~\\(\\Delta_+(z)\\), \\(\\Delta_-(z)\\) and \\(\\varphi(z,\\pi)\\) gives independent parameters for unique reconstruction of \\(V\\). The algebraic criterion (Theorem 3.5) states that \\(H\\) is a spectral operator of scalar type if and only if the function   \\[  \\frac{\\Delta_+(z)^2 - 1 - \\Delta_-(z)^2}{\\varphi(z,\\pi)\\frac{d}{dz}\\Delta_+(z)}  \\]   is analytic in an open neighbourhood of the spectrum~\\(\\sigma(H)\\) of~\\(H\\) and the functions   \\[  \\biggl|\\frac{\\varphi(z,\\pi)}{\\frac{d}{dz}\\Delta_+(z)}\\biggr| \\qquad \\text{and} \\qquad \\biggl|\\frac{\\Delta_-(z)}{(\\sqrt{|z|}+1)\\frac{d}{dz}\\Delta_+(z)}\\biggr|  \\]   are uniformly bounded on~\\(\\sigma(H)\\).  The geometric criterion (Theorem 3.7) is formulated in terms of location of the critical points of \\(\\Delta_+\\) and the Dirichlet, periodic and antiperiodic eigenvalues of \\(H\\) and also requires that all the eigenvalues of the operators \\(H(t)\\) that are restrictions of \\(H\\) onto \\((0,\\pi)\\) subject to quasi-periodic conditions \\(f(\\pi) = e^{it}f(0)\\) and \\(f'(\\pi) = e^{it}f'(0)\\) should be semi-simple for all \\(t\\in[0,2\\pi)\\).  The paper also contains detailed discussions of the results obtained and a historical review of the 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