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Chowla} [Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 2, 242--243 (1935; Zbl 0012.24701 and JFM 61.0149.03)]. Chowla's theorem states: Let \\(S,T\\) be non-empty subsets of \\(\\mathbb Z/n \\mathbb Z\\), let \\(0 \\in S\\), and assume that every element of \\(S \\setminus \\{0\\}\\) has exact order \\(n\\). Then the number \\(| T+S| \\) of elements in \\(T+S\\) is \\( \\; \\geq \\min (n, | S| + | T| - 1)\\).    Critical pairs are subsets \\(S_c,\\, T_c\\), for which equality occurs in the equation above, \\( | T_c+S_c| = \\min (n, | S_c| + | T_c| - 1)\\). For example, Vosper's theorem gives the critical pairs in the Cauchy-Davenport theorem. Hamidoune and R\u00f8dseth proved: Let \\(S, T \\subset \\mathbb Z/ p\\mathbb Z\\), \\(| T| \\geq 3,\\; | S| \\geq 4\\), and \\(| S+T| = | S| + | T| \\leq p-4\\). Then \\(S, T\\) are included in arithmetic progressions with the same difference and of lengths \\(| S| +1\\) and \\(| T| +1\\).   The authors' main result generalizes this result to abelian groups, hereby improving on the theorems of Chowla and of Voster: Let \\(0\\in S\\) be a generating subset of a finite abelian group \\(G\\), where \\(\\gcd(| G| ,6)=1\\) and \\(4 \\leq | S| \\leq | G| -7\\). Assume that \\(S\\) is 3--separable (that means that there exists an \\(X \\subset G\\) such that \\(| X| \\geq 3\\) and \\(| X+S| \\leq | G| - 3\\)), and that  \\[  \\kappa_3(S) \\overset\\text{def} =\\min\\Bigl\\{ | X+S| -| X| ;\\, X \\subset G, \\, | X| \\geq 3, \\text{ and } | X+S| \\leq | G| - k\\Bigr\\} = | S| . \\]  If every element of \\(S\\setminus \\{0\\}\\) has order \\(\\geq | S| +1\\), then either \\(S\\) is a quasi-progression or \\(S \\setminus \\{0\\}\\) is quasi-periodic.    Here, a quasi-periodic set is one which can be obtained by deleting one element from a periodic set; \\(S\\) is a periodic set if there is some non-trivial subgroup \\(H\\) such that \\(S+H=S\\). A quasi-progression can be obtained by deleting one element of an arithmetic progression.   A second main-theorem describes the critical pairs for a finite abelian group \\(G\\) with \\(\\gcd(| G| ,6) = 1\\), a generating subset \\(S\\), where \\(0\\in S\\) and \\(| S| \\geq 4\\), and where every element in \\(S^\\ast\\) has order \\(\\geq | S| +1\\), and for a subset \\(T \\subset G\\), where \\(| T| \\geq 3\\), satisfying  \\[  | S+T| = | S| + | T| \\qquad \\Bigl[ \\leq | G| - 4 \\Bigr]. \\]  For the proofs a thorough study of ``\\(k\\)-atoms'' and of a so-called ``fainting technique'' is 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