{"entities":{"Q1046932":{"pageid":1048780,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1046932","lastrevid":66030264,"modified":"2026-04-12T07:03:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q1046932","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Collectionwise weak continuity duals"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5652044"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$2FE9F00D-0086-47EE-A724-19525905D410","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"5836210d4472f73351859cc52e9f7061b0cf1d34","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Collectionwise weak continuity duals","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$796F80C8-CB6D-44BC-BD03-BF2A24F34706","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"29cdd0c5b377ce3c45929bccc66bc454dae03b71","datavalue":{"value":"1199.54081","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$9681AD92-3522-4E69-8405-0206E84FB4A4","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"84c2d4777f2744b402998b7945adfbeb22c23961","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1026046,"id":"Q1026046"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$F034AFD7-28D4-40B2-92B5-F003F53DFB0C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"4b942190e17083b575cb45317653fe779fdb5a77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168571,"id":"Q168571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$D60184B1-8D61-4927-B5D0-7A0FBBB856F6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"687c75732839f2c72eaef9f265e249aec96677a2","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2009-12-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$8020021C-8E73-43A7-9F2F-805D28E640AC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"39342537eb141f5ae8111783e2614f4562bfc9c7","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\((X,\\tau)\\) and \\((Y,\\sigma)\\) be topological spaces. A function \\(f:(X,\\tau)\\to (Y,\\sigma)\\) is said to be \\(\\mathcal C\\)-continuous if for some \\(\\mathcal C\\in 2^X\\) with \\(\\tau \\subset \\mathcal C\\) we have \\(f^{-1}(V)\\in \\mathcal C\\), for each \\(V\\in \\sigma\\). If also \\(\\tau\\subset \\mathcal C^*\\subset 2^X\\), \\(\\mathcal C^*\\)-continuity is a dual of \\(\\mathcal C\\) continuity if \\(\\mathcal C\\cap \\mathcal C^*=\\tau\\).   In this paper, the authors introduce the notions of upper/lower collectionwise closed sets as follows: \\(A\\) is upper \\(\\mathcal C\\)-closed \\(\\Leftrightarrow\\, \\forall\\, B\\in \\mathcal C\\), \\((A\\subset B\\Rightarrow Cl(A)\\subset B)\\); \\(A\\) is lower \\(\\mathcal C\\)-closed \\(\\Leftrightarrow \\forall\\, B\\in \\mathcal C\\), \\((B\\subset A \\Rightarrow Cl (B)\\subset A)\\), where \\(Cl(A)\\) is the closure of \\(A\\).   Upper/lower collectionwise open sets are defined by complementation: \\(A\\) is upper \\(\\mathcal C\\)-open \\(\\Leftrightarrow \\forall\\, B\\in \\mathcal C\\), \\((A\\subset B\\Rightarrow A\\subset \\text{Int}\\, (B))\\), \\(A\\) is lower \\(\\mathcal C\\)-open \\(\\Leftrightarrow \\forall\\, B\\in \\mathcal C\\), \\((B\\subset A, \\Rightarrow B\\subset \\text{Int}(A))\\), where \\(\\text{Int}(A)\\) is the interior of \\(A\\).  For \\(\\mathcal C\\subset 2^X\\), we denote by \\(U\\mathcal C O/L\\mathcal C O\\) the families of upper/lower \\(\\mathcal C\\)-open/\\(\\mathcal C\\)-lower open sets. The following general theorem is proved.  Theorem: For any family \\(\\mathcal C\\) of generalized open subsets of \\((X,\\tau)\\), we have \\(\\mathcal C\\cap U\\mathcal CO=\\mathcal C\\cap L\\mathcal C O=\\tau\\).  By this theorem, we obtain general decompositions of continuity. For example, if \\(\\mathcal C^*=U\\mathcal CO, L\\mathcal C O,U\\mathcal CO\\cup L\\mathcal CO\\), then \\(\\mathcal C\\)-continuity \\(+\\mathcal C^*\\)-continuity\\(=\\)continuity.   In the last part of this paper, the \\(g\\)-continuity dual is studied and a new decomposition of continuity is obtained.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$6351C1EB-58F7-41E5-9703-0C4DD788281D","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"3637e906dd4537ea681863b8451d4f96fbe77c99","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172412,"id":"Q172412"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$B67E7973-22A3-4733-9D9F-91ED5AC77634","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4c9efe3978b277ed737aac077e9e8dc5863fac4a","datavalue":{"value":"54C08","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$C54E3B67-F2EE-4D6E-8A93-62156CD24B62","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"72f133eaf11d7c8608c50c876b948cd24b34937a","datavalue":{"value":"5652044","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$4AD33BE6-F942-4147-9F68-B28D4F113CB2","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1f0d4307b0d005b672250e1d5379bfb160a0d199","datavalue":{"value":"decomposition of continuity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$CBF60C45-801D-4E51-BAFF-178F35F8A3E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e450d7d0e5c29e58f62090315622a7e4c958bcd6","datavalue":{"value":"dual continuity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$3590F523-86AE-43EC-B236-CF0045C3EF06","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$8D978769-8BE7-49ED-84AD-C4BFC2DB4211","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f2645ce692515d5009bde807c16ac0f251c90ad3","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-009-8190-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$A0D06C71-B7D4-4677-93A5-455C9DFDDD7F","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"338b35baf7e1f4baf486a6c865eef905d56a1f30","datavalue":{"value":"W2070629277","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$6B756BD5-563C-422C-860E-17709DB294CD","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4d817fa11519b8b578d6cd9b750ef1b899505d5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3740617,"id":"Q3740617"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$40870BEE-E4EB-4623-9DCA-C0F1EEA7A436","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d861987fe4b54b6b51ca5895989664030aabdd3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4345459,"id":"Q4345459"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$86CFC12A-E912-49A1-815B-13A5BE6BB206","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2809498795fb6439abb2afd477dffa7cfba8608","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4027455,"id":"Q4027455"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$D0B6A6D5-E418-458B-B48D-73A4DC944BA2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0c4baccabd1d2168cd47847bc33d1e432829b181","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1122807,"id":"Q1122807"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$7B27CBAE-610D-46E9-B3D5-A1EBD9E05BB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"56a699bb3e40fe66b11f59535cae79720ae170d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4316885,"id":"Q4316885"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$A70A6EF2-E8D2-43D3-8133-5FAA47DCCC27","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0d76f9498b7f8bd2ed285df221d47be9af5bb5e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5512746,"id":"Q5512746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$6CE0F8F9-FC99-49D8-8BF0-B2C0E1414FDC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"201648f856ab129994ed4bb0445965a5d40f7b4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3281602,"id":"Q3281602"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$6DFD1A0C-2853-42D8-A0A3-FA1B54C9BF97","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"01be2bfe4021d8fc3433bf77a3a965a8379958f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3850432,"id":"Q3850432"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$702118B9-4F13-4B73-9E3F-041D5B9113D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cdfd18623ed92226538968b087b0537a8324dfad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2550563,"id":"Q2550563"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$81F56B29-A481-4FEF-8597-0DB91D4DDEA2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5018fb0009c36b77529d15fe63aba5b1dc581897","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2521768,"id":"Q2521768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$87A6698F-A79E-441F-8DF0-3D7CF6F04024","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c49ae9bd54cb75391b6298ca069ba319933fcfa2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1332971,"id":"Q1332971"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$ED65B7C2-3D46-45A5-BB4A-D2D799018B9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d9b2dfc135d5040650c14343f8717f3285e18d3c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3251670,"id":"Q3251670"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$8008FA7A-D132-4F26-9AFF-C0D05DEE17DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"37e274149026e68980972a046cecf9a51ce86b80","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4176665,"id":"Q4176665"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$F85FD921-84C1-403F-8935-DE01A34A2C9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e3cdba8d518b42093f253c43c67fb1bdff329a20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":757877,"id":"Q757877"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$EFE4A5B0-DCD3-4CF1-9E16-CE4B36DF56FD","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"86cc8100b4524ac16a12f3b18ca9f5437f93d2fd","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10474-009-8190-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1046932$03C61404-E6B3-4714-8BAB-4037033DB571","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e34df7a8ef718eed4edc956c907990d8ba43e0e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4955582,"id":"Q4955582"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e786ae19b31eb7946c387369803adbe0157fa387","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8201164603233337","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1046932$034E2DBB-5FD8-4582-BE68-D98B935852BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"514cb377be9615bae86a1e1d7146a24206381854","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1303897,"id":"Q1303897"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dca6c996ee6702db1416580af1a94c69bda28fe6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7988600730895996","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1046932$5D9CFE9B-1C20-4A36-AAB1-0375426B922C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"828244b0dbf441c580029d8a7419ef45e88b5ee3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4345459,"id":"Q4345459"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dca6c996ee6702db1416580af1a94c69bda28fe6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7988600730895996","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1046932$A07F5BD1-1410-4A6F-BE67-A3C3854008F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"532fd1bdd6c93fef8a8a9fea6f5fe1fdb21bc89d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1917164,"id":"Q1917164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fe9871b53c1b5f437e87c6ffa66b648cedb2a2d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.798664391040802","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1046932$6A634898-F820-4F1A-9D6F-C70F9FDBC924","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3fb925a244586ca777b6eb516f07fdb9c97e1b5e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5917786,"id":"Q5917786"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f5b27fd83adc6f1540a6d2982d01b24acc123f6c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7978561520576477","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1046932$5DE28F51-0DD8-430B-8DE0-659A4D97067A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Collectionwise weak continuity duals","badges":[]}}}}}