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These tests have been improved and generalized later on, see [\\textit{H. C. Williams}, \u00c9douard Lucas and primality testing.Canadian Mathematical Society Series of Monographs and Advanced Texts 22. New York, NY: John Wiley \\& Sons (1998; Zbl 1155.11363)]. The present paper, following ideas of \\textit{N. Suwa} [Proc. 2003 Workshop on Cryptography and Related Mathematics, Chuo Univ., Tokyo (2003)] and \\textit{M. Kida} [Exp. Math. 13, 421--427 (2004; Zbl 1066.11055)], proposes a general framework for such tests based on group schemes.   Section 1 presents the setting and formulates a general primality test (Propositions 1.1 and 1.2). Then section 2 applies these results to the family of numbers \\(n=h2^k + 1\\), \\(h,k\\in \\mathbb{N}\\), \\(h\\) odd and \\(h<2^k\\), with the aid of the multiplicative group scheme over \\(\\mathbb{Z}_S\\), where \\(S\\) is a finite (and small) set of prime integers.   Section 3 is devoted to the case \\(n=h2^k - 1\\), \\(h,k\\in \\mathbb{N}\\), \\(k\\geq 3\\), \\(h\\) odd and \\(h<2^k -2\\). In this case the appropriate scheme is the Waterhouse--Weisfeiler group scheme [\\textit{W. C. Waterhouse} and \\textit{B. Weisfeiler}, J. Algebra 66, 550--568 (1980; Zbl 0452.14013)], defined here as a quotient of the Weil restriction of the multiplicative group scheme over \\(\\mathbb{Z}_S\\). Theorem 3.4 gives the desired test in terms of a recurrence sequence. Finally, since the Waterhouse--Weisfeiler group scheme can be embedded in the projective line over \\(\\mathbb{Z}_S\\), the test can be formulated in terms of a formal 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