{"entities":{"Q1058766":{"pageid":1060614,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1058766","lastrevid":66053673,"modified":"2026-04-12T07:13:12Z","type":"item","id":"Q1058766","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Natural variational principles on Riemannian manifolds"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3901684"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$C17A2EA8-E96F-4C3D-929B-A9B313791575","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6053e2608fa6f0d58405abde030b6e6f72e961c2","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Natural variational principles on Riemannian manifolds","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$DF8AD0BB-45D9-4372-8385-DA325A6FD6F3","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"feae14a683896124b168d51eb370afb080cb21de","datavalue":{"value":"0565.58019","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$BDC071B8-62A8-4119-9ABC-2ABBD907B009","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e2f31dc066557e81a8b740de400ed56732d0ff5d","datavalue":{"value":"10.2307/2006945","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$103DC745-8ED2-455C-810E-B0755BF73112","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a3928c6a070f61be7b51cc28d5a919c9d42f99f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":255654,"id":"Q255654"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$329796EC-439D-4DB2-8C18-FD73185F6773","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"553c7ad508f4615999d4ef926cfdf75d436f510c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175062,"id":"Q175062"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$E5E1AB6F-69BF-458D-9308-0B46568BC0A3","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2ee0f220147ae8bc749a64db56839865dbc4f127","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1984-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$58752B22-8A40-450C-A445-8E4A031ACF91","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3e61200c46b700d3ca75c00470861e3d7440ef32","datavalue":{"value":"The inverse problem in the calculus of variations is to determine when a given system of differential equations are the Euler-Lagrange equations for a variational problem defined by a Lagrangian L. If the Lagrangian L is invariant under the action of a Lie group G, then G is also a symmetry group of the Euler-Lagrange equations G. Thus the equivariant inverse problem arises, viz. if T is an invariant differential operator, then when is T the Euler-Lagrange operator of an invariant Lagrangian?    In this paper the equivariant inverse problem is solved for natural differential operators on Riemannian structures, i.e. operators \\(T=T[j^ kg]\\) which are defined upon the k-jet of a Riemannian metric and which satisfy the invariance condition \\(T[j^ k[f^*(g)]=f^*T[j^ k(g)]\\) for all local diffeomorphisms f. It is shown that the obstructions to the construction of natural Lagrangians, \\(L=L[j^{\\ell}(g)]\\) for such natural operators T are generated by the secondary characteristic classes of Chern-Simon.    In particular, on even dimensional manifolds there are no obstructions while on 3 manifolds the so-called Cotton tensor \\(C^{ij}=\\epsilon^{ihk}R^ j_{h| k}+\\epsilon^{jhk}R^ i_{h| k},\\) where \\(R^ j_ h\\) is the Ricci tensor, is the only natural tensor which is derivable from a variational principle but not an invariant variational principle.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$6A5D3096-8319-4472-A24A-844C457BCE7D","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2b95e36ff3a69059f69dd0b2021b8711a9178b92","datavalue":{"value":"58E30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$B3CEFC90-2C10-40C8-BC3E-D1AFA5FBA73D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f50bca0b0cfa0721b3ab4dbd0888ff6cfbd080c6","datavalue":{"value":"3901684","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$999B05EC-91CB-4C23-9BBA-549F7C4FC27E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5422429e9660bc8f02ab94d8b2043d9944ce67fe","datavalue":{"value":"characteristic and secondary characteristic classes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$43B3EE32-FB25-4074-9426-9F307A69CEAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"133bd69e00c0de0a199fad54ffa3545b0edffeb0","datavalue":{"value":"inverse problem in the calculus of variations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$397CE87E-06F3-4D20-8B57-DCF8B1283562","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fcfe743d4d3c1ec3da21e02a34a0684d63bea038","datavalue":{"value":"Euler-Lagrange equations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$D646137B-C9C8-43ED-917D-915030E5EECC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cd15e5f66f19a7e170c1c2d3cc26b09e0d8d0ba2","datavalue":{"value":"natural tensor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$F9D41CB9-E8BE-40D4-8DFF-BB39B4DF7B44","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$4B3CCAA4-2A27-4822-A2CA-DB08DE06BF9E","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f53ec4af4dee54c4388debf546e67d657ec3e842","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2006945","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$0EB1DA0A-264D-4B49-8D7B-74A9C3C1BDC5","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"0714837e1a53a483c88c1d3677a18d8d88bf24c7","datavalue":{"value":"W1662122678","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058766$E82889FC-2805-401D-95BA-821959A2C2D3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2955f9499a9e8c581de8c96bd97208724fc26a34","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2580932,"id":"Q2580932"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7cc00d727d8e6c64c2c14c3fc890787cd1487599","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7615751028060913","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1058766$66E2A199-9D28-4B4D-98D7-DF383E41BE0B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"edaab02aad4c14d7c27a15d46864b0d2c7c4fbc2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3416954,"id":"Q3416954"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"aa220eaae9449bd9b0b1b6423fa630fbb880ece5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7613149881362915","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1058766$60A2319F-8183-46D4-A5AA-B7F80E7E305D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec5e512c48590e3c772d6dca4a04b7fe644ab5b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4273385,"id":"Q4273385"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"626e627082512ab696269e081bf7929a6b1f703e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7608940005302429","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1058766$3E4C63D1-E58D-4192-8469-5FA5AA00E4FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"17e2883e17f757ece13f50d2d77b1255e17e65d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3519969,"id":"Q3519969"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"db24a3ea9b23abdc231ab8be71700c403369bd5a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7565973401069641","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1058766$F51C4197-0D34-4249-B12B-8EDC5C228488","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8cde7a3607eb441c805b8d1c9c1bb25e17205052","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3771280,"id":"Q3771280"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"442881c422748c9ffcfa769d515dafea498ca769","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7528422474861145","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1058766$7BC7BC41-463E-48D6-99B4-BCD3C4F9E29D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Natural variational principles on Riemannian manifolds","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Natural_variational_principles_on_Riemannian_manifolds"}}}}}