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For solving the linear system (1) \\(Ax=a\\), there is an iteration scheme \\((2)\\quad x_{j+1}=x_ j-\\alpha_ j(Ax_ j-a),\\) \\(j=1,2,...,n\\), called Richardson's iteration. It is applied in a cyclic manner by setting \\(\\alpha_{kn+j}=\\alpha_ j\\). The object of the present paper is to optimize the iteration parameters \\(\\alpha_ j\\). For \\(\\epsilon_ j=x_ j-x\\), the error of \\(x_ j\\) with respect to the solution x of (1), holds the relation \\(\\epsilon_{n+1}=p(A)\\epsilon_ 1\\) and thus \\((4)\\quad \\| \\epsilon_{n+1}\\| \\leq \\| p(A)\\| \\| \\epsilon_ 1\\|.\\) Here p(A) is a polynomial of degree n in the matrix A. The optimization leads to the following extremum problem: \\((5)\\quad \\min_{p-1\\in V_ n}\\| p\\| =\\min_{p-1\\in V_ n}\\max_{z\\in S}| p(z)|,\\) where \\(V_ n\\) is the linear span of \\(z,z^ 2,...,z^ n\\) and S a compact set in \\({\\mathbb{C}}\\), known to contain the spectrum \\(\\sigma\\) (A) of A. (5) has always solutions, called optimal polynomials for S (for a fixed n). They have the property: \\(\\min_{p-1\\in V_ n}\\| p\\| \\leq 1.\\) If p solves (5), then the reciprocals of the zeros of p are optimal iteration parameters \\(\\alpha_ j\\). In case \\(0\\not\\in S\\) the optimal polynomial p is unique, and (2) converges for any compact set S and for arbitrary \\(x_ 1\\in {\\mathbb{C}}^ N\\) to the solution of (1), provided that \\(\\| p\\| <1.\\)    In the present paper the stationary case, cycle length \\(n=1\\), is solved completely (Theorem 5.2, Corollary 5.1). For arbitrary \\(n\\in {\\mathbb{N}}\\), the problem (5) can be solved in the special case that \\(S\\not\\ni 0\\) is a closed disk (Theorem 4.1, Corollary 4.1). A notion ''Lemniscate with respect to p'', defined by the set \\(L=\\{z\\in {\\mathbb{C}}:\\quad | p(z)| \\leq \\| p\\| \\}\\) is introduced here, with p an optimal polynomial for a given S. It turns out that p is optimal also for \\(L\\supset S\\), and that \\(\\max_{L}| p(z)| =\\| p\\|\\). Thus, S can be enlarged to L without changing the iteration process or the error behaviour of the iterates. Consequently, the set L appears as a tool for studying the stability of the iteration (2) with respect to some perturbations of the matrix A. Furthermore, it is shown that for a real problem (1) the iteration (2) can be carried out with real arithmetic alone, even when there are complex \\(\\alpha_ j\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058810$A27A7232-5430-4E21-ACFE-7A6321CBA43D","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9e4257514d9fd4eac10996fc6305328b84fd9c9b","datavalue":{"value":"65F10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058810$A72A5406-821B-4781-BFE1-5555F0257E62","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"39812d583cec83658580befd5411e87db8df9c41","datavalue":{"value":"3901905","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1058810$F8BD5655-E846-4E94-852A-F22CD9175797","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f0e73dd361cf8cb0e01fdd97afbf5a9a2beb3097","datavalue":{"value":"nonsymmetric 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