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Une matrice carr\u00e9e d'ordre n \\(M=(m_{ij})\\) \u00e0 \u00e9l\u00e9ments dans \\(F(x_{\\xi \\eta})\\) est lin\u00e9aire si tout \\(m_{ij}\\) est un polynome lin\u00e9aire par rapport aux \\(x_{\\xi \\eta}\\). L'A. appelle sp\u00e9ciale une telle matrice si chacun des \\(m_{ij}\\) est un polynome lin\u00e9aire en les \\(x_{\\xi j}\\) et il l'appelle formelle si tout \\(m_{ij}\\) est un polynome lin\u00e9aire en les \\(x_{ij}\\). L'A., nomme sp\u00e9cialisation des \\(x_{\\xi \\eta}\\) dans F tout homomorphisme \\(\\Phi\\) : F[x\\({}_{\\xi \\eta}]\\to F\\), constant sur F. L'emploi des matrices lin\u00e9aires intervient dans les probl\u00e8mes de classification de prolongements alg\u00e9briques en caract\u00e9ristique positive aussi bien que dans les probl\u00e8mes d'analyse des circuits. Dans les deux cas il s'agit de caract\u00e9riser celles de ces matrices qui sont singuli\u00e8res pour toute sp\u00e9cialisation des ind\u00e9termin\u00e9es dans F. Si F est un corps infini, on a une caract\u00e9risation banale du fait que de telles matrices sont singuli\u00e8res. Mais cette caract\u00e9risation triviale n'est plus valable pour les corps finis. L'A. a \u00e9tabli, pour la vaste classe des matrices sp\u00e9ciales, des conditions non triviales pour caract\u00e9riser celles de ces matrices qui d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8rent pour toute sp\u00e9cialisation des ind\u00e9termin\u00e9es. A cet effet, il indique un algorithme qui permet d'\u00e9tablir si une matrice formelle poss\u00e8de une sp\u00e9cialisation r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. 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