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Given languages \\({\\mathcal L}\\) and \\({\\mathcal M}\\), and given a set A of conditions expressed in \\({\\mathcal M}\\), find a theory Th in \\({\\mathcal L}\\) which satisfies A. The relation R of the solution of the problem has not, in general, the so called monotonicity property, that is, R(A,Th)\\&A\\(\\subseteq A'\\) not necessarily implies R(',Th).    In the paper the language of propositional calculus has been taken as \\({\\mathcal L}\\), and \\({\\mathcal L}\\) with a unary operator \\(L: {\\mathcal L}\\to {\\mathcal L}\\) as \\({\\mathcal M}\\). The following sense of conditions expressible in \\({\\mathcal M}\\) has been adopted. It is assumed that \\(A\\cap {\\mathcal L}\\subseteq Th\\), and \\({\\mathcal L}\\) has the meaning of the operator \\(\\widetilde{\\mathfrak B}\\) of \\textit{D. Hilbert} and \\textit{P. Bernays} [Grundlagen der Mathematik. Vol. 2 (1939; Zbl 0020.19301)] of provability in Th, e.g. \\(A=\\{Lp\\vee L\\neg p| \\quad p\\in {\\mathcal L}\\}\\) expresses the completeness of Th. Some related facts have been proved in the paper.    A large part of the reviewed paper has a philosophical and critical character. Certain disadvantages of non-monotonic logic of \\textit{D. McDermott} and \\textit{J. Doyle} [ibid. 13, 41-72 (1980; Zbl 0435.68074)] and of \\textit{D. McDermott} [J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 29, 33-57 (1982; Zbl 0477.68099)] have been mentioned there. It concerns mainly the semantics of the operator L. Although one can hardly disagree with the author's opinion that the condition \\(L^{-1}(Th)\\subseteq Th\\) is not adequate if Lp has to be interpreted as ''it is believed that p'', the proposed strengthening (*) \\(L^{-1}(Th)=Th\\) seems to go too far. In fact, the condition \\(Th\\subseteq L^{-1}(Th)\\) reflects so defined meaning of the operator L, whereas (*) is the result of introducing an ''ideally rational agent'', who believes exactly in what can be 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