{"entities":{"Q1063282":{"pageid":1074034,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1063282","lastrevid":66661035,"modified":"2026-04-12T11:38:06Z","type":"item","id":"Q1063282","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Separation and duality in spheres"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3915221"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$9CDD5954-E3A4-4838-9F6B-663FCA15B27C","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"eb817b8dbe4bbb944816772fbe05bed7b027ed4b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Separation and duality in spheres","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$5E8E86F1-BA0F-48A5-B02A-ECE7F6BD101A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a511f5d8e1c7825e20bb907984d3f52e104a1a8b","datavalue":{"value":"0573.55001","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$53BF1E0E-B769-4ACE-98E5-BE358E37F3BE","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f2112c1a79f70fd141fe2dee491fd316f1d52a81","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189404,"id":"Q189404"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$395E5F0A-6768-4CFB-9A3D-191F5892E7C7","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3c94df5c9af0ede578c52141befd29044de13172","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1985-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$955BF18E-BBCE-4D8D-8373-695472153EF7","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"bc988e2258b1603ab745fdc35ef4b8d3e73e7239","datavalue":{"value":"Die ersten vier Abschnitte dieser Arbeit sind dem im Titel genannten Thema gewidmet: Ausgehend vom klassischen Jordan-Brouwerschen Separationssatz motiviert der Verf. die Untersuchung der Beziehungen zwischen Teilmengen X der n-Sph\u00e4re \\(S^ n\\) und deren Komplementen \\(S^ n\\setminus X\\); er beweist zwei S\u00e4tze von K. Borsuk: Eine abgeschlossene Menge \\(X\\subset S^ n\\) separiert \\(S^ n\\) genau dann, wenn es eine wesentliche Abbildung \\(X\\to S^{n-1}\\) gibt [\\textit{K. Borsuk}, Math. Ann. 106, 239-248 (1932; Zbl 0004.07302)]; und (nach einer kurzen Einf\u00fchrung der Cohomotopiegruppen \\(\\pi^{n-1}(X)):\\) F\u00fcr kompakte \\(X\\subset {\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\), \\(n\\geq 2\\), ist \\(\\pi^{n-1}(X)\\) isomorph zu der freien abelschen Gruppe, die von der Menge der beschr\u00e4nkten Komponenten von \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\setminus X\\) erzeugt wird [\\textit{K. Borsuk}, Fundam. Math. 37, 217-241 (1950; Zbl 0040.102)], d.h. es gilt: \\(\\pi^{n- 1}(X)\\approx \\tilde H_ 0(S^ n\\setminus X;{\\mathbb{Z}})\\); schlie\u00dflich interpretiert der Verf. die beiden Dualit\u00e4tss\u00e4tze von Alexander und von Spanier-Whitehead als (voneinander verschiedene) Erweiterungen dieser Isomorphie \\(\\pi^{n-1}(X)\\approx \\tilde H_ 0(S^ n\\setminus X;{\\mathbb{Z}})\\) (in den Dimensionen n-1 f\u00fcr X und 0 f\u00fcr \\(S^ n\\setminus X)\\) auf andere Dimensionen.    Im letzten Abschnitt 5. behandelt der Verf. die entsprechende Fragestellung f\u00fcr Mannigfaltigkeiten M statt der n-Sph\u00e4re: Er definiert unter geeigneten Voraussetzungen an M f\u00fcr abgeschlossene Teilmengen \\(X\\subset M\\) einen Epimorphismus \\(\\pi^{n-1}(X)\\to \\tilde H_ 0(M\\setminus X;{\\mathbb{Z}}_ 2)\\) und gibt dessen Kern an; als Korollar folgt, da\u00df f\u00fcr homotope Einbettungen i,j: \\(X\\to M\\), X kompakt, die Komplemente \\(M\\setminus i(X)\\) und \\(M\\setminus j(X)\\) dieselbe Anzahl von Komponenten haben. \u00c4hnlich wie im Falle der Sph\u00e4re lassen sich zwei S\u00e4tze von Massey als zu den Dualit\u00e4tss\u00e4tzen analoge, voneinander verschiedene Erweiterungen dieses Korollars auf andere Dimensionen auffassen, n\u00e4mlich: Ist M orientierbar und sind i,j: \\(X\\to M\\) echt homotope Einbettungen als abgeschlossene Teilmengen, so ist \\(H_ q(M\\setminus i(X))\\approx H_ q(M\\setminus j(X))\\) f\u00fcr alle q [\\textit{W. Massey}, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 30, 467-477 (1981; Zbl 0483.55001)]; und: Sind M eine PL-Mannigfaltigkeit, X kompakt und i,j: \\(X\\to M\\) homotope Einbettungen, dann haben \\(M\\setminus i(X)\\) und \\(M\\setminus j(X)\\) denselben stabilen Homotopietyp [\\textit{W. Massey}, ibid. 32, 311-317 (1983; Zbl 0523.55002)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$F442DE26-B516-4CE8-B499-3F9C9F6E088C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3afb82b22d65d9d5f6f06a450bb41cc02001cf40","datavalue":{"value":"55M05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$0E50EABB-94CA-403E-B4E0-6DBEADFD2B99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f78d1847a2ca9a0bdb16f564eae378ce050cc5e1","datavalue":{"value":"55P25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$2A87737B-4204-46E2-989E-8BE296F1DD91","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4cac7814e0a3974d561227471bda2471accfe1cd","datavalue":{"value":"57N65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$B90D13F2-3A0F-4B5F-AE7B-C1BAEB583D98","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"733a876ade54cb57b2d3e5522f0825885955703f","datavalue":{"value":"57N15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$C15EFDF7-843A-40EA-A6A3-5A689C2EE732","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3cc073bdd1ecf617cf43dd8d50c2d9d4b33d89ea","datavalue":{"value":"55Q55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$2DD72189-3F35-45D8-B50E-406CA265CDD1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"4b48f9bcbd6e575fd60297377b76572abac77932","datavalue":{"value":"3915221","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$09093A5D-1151-46C9-917C-FEA35603C1BC","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ab46edee2cfdd39e56e1ab028d76021457c6b953","datavalue":{"value":"Jordan-Brouwer separation theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$E19F6072-E15C-491C-B691-F6DB666E3B3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5394539f8ad96366997ccf6f883596b4897e9617","datavalue":{"value":"separation of \\(S^ n\\)","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$9AB0D966-0AE4-427F-B48C-7214A38B3C48","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c533b3dadb2fdf55df00e5332713fc6dbd138aae","datavalue":{"value":"cohomotopy groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$873227E2-F571-485F-9A0B-B00A0B78FE07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a433cac8c736bbe4df3746e8e46f71fd6ef9187e","datavalue":{"value":"Alexander duality theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$E49F4C5C-AC04-450C-A02F-85633A608077","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8685e8431fb7f33afe8a9d9a99f97ca36641104c","datavalue":{"value":"Spanier-Whitehead duality theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$549D5EC6-F405-4761-93EC-B63D531F2195","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3add75f5d158f7689aba38a49b785ed1fe3c0ccb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":584931,"id":"Q584931"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$0B0FA438-251F-4490-95C7-AEE58BA221F9","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"75e536f7bd2c45cd9ea8f524eaf5602f78d87800","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1244537,"id":"Q1244537"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$0EAF3EFA-71DA-4226-8DB9-0A3347617A5C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1063282$0D61790F-7E8B-43FA-AB01-B830DA4E61BB","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Separation and duality in spheres","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Separation_and_duality_in_spheres"}}}}}