{"entities":{"Q1065856":{"pageid":1076608,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1065856","lastrevid":66070269,"modified":"2026-04-12T07:20:02Z","type":"item","id":"Q1065856","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"An elementary evaluation of the Jacobsthal sum"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3922771"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$F9E401CF-DA84-4F1A-A6F5-40F33C59BF54","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cc47c00f69af7693bb1eeafdfe78b889553f5f0d","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"An elementary evaluation of the Jacobsthal sum","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$2F5D0512-D550-4C5D-9747-EB0E5ABFFA56","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ba6da43d47f6ec496120caade03879ca50eb7a2c","datavalue":{"value":"0577.10035","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$DF77F2EE-33ED-41CE-AD46-27E7D9144B41","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"dcc9378e9bf2bf22252c1b084034377fd6fad241","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-314X(86)90028-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$E5A197F7-D95E-46D3-9EBD-DE2F37E5E3AD","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"07c94a561a4f89577c691ff652574960a1002d18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1065855,"id":"Q1065855"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$1F46C0AB-BFE0-4C91-BF79-DE2C0E8746E9","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e6cac328d206d9ef9b7afb3fb4ca5d1d204199af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167107,"id":"Q167107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$B598E70D-ECEA-49FA-A442-076AD7B4A157","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63df7153432d81fa42019fcabb076c89649b0b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1986-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$54047F32-63D8-48EF-816C-3A49C0EC2249","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"6f6ea29c566146a7cc1096be95c1025e17990e10","datavalue":{"value":"The paper contains a very interesting and elementary new proof of the theorem of Jacobsthal that if \\(p\\equiv 1 (4)\\) is prime so that \\(p=a^ 2+b^ 2\\), \\(a\\equiv -1 (4)\\) (a unique) and if \\((\\frac{r}{p})=1\\), say \\(r\\equiv u^ 2 (mod p)\\), then  \\[  S_ r=\\sum^{p- 1}_{x=1}(\\frac{x(x^ 2+r)}{p})=(\\frac{u}{p}) 2a.  \\]  The machinery used is the decomposition of a reduced residue system 1,2,...,p-1 into 'cells' and then defining singletons, right and left end points and interior points, their number being denoted by s, e and i, respectively. The author then proves easy results connecting the quantities s,e,i amongst themselves and with \\(S_ r\\) and the theorem then emerges rather elegantly !    It would be nice to see some more applications of the quantities s,e,i.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$D0292BD2-E9A9-493D-AFE0-DBF2CA771AD5","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c492c33a398b91283faf8465d60c39fbfaa632c7","datavalue":{"value":"11L10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$1A8B7653-5067-4009-8709-B18E2CE1AE0D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f79fc80b4daa04a6f7c05c0514d600d6b1041440","datavalue":{"value":"3922771","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$1E191107-F6C6-4B5A-B008-F70A7D1ED60B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4b526d11797e184183b8b0c512e9b1b625e6622a","datavalue":{"value":"Jacobsthal sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$6115B2C3-3FE8-4F35-B1E8-271BBF2B88AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2761bdc40553125e7de6ae63b64d38a792ebd166","datavalue":{"value":"Legendre symbol","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$BCCC66B8-6B15-410B-8774-6437CE705F58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6002cc885bf9252abbb051183aec49ec514dc6fb","datavalue":{"value":"character sums","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$9734A7D1-E4C7-455C-86C2-9D6F9D0008A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8f2efc80e2a855c8fef2a2a6131688e5a76ba88d","datavalue":{"value":"elementary proof","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$B2518916-E9AD-42E8-8F74-D074189DB461","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f0b02b713eb9b0a994c343bf7cd80ba79f3e6e1d","datavalue":{"value":"reduced residue system","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$CEA11438-1457-4FCF-B940-B095CF60645C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"22274d0e700c79b78b7664fca77c2d3286a91b7b","datavalue":{"value":"singletons","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$B8B747C5-571F-463D-BEB6-30443324F3AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6ff1f9dd65a3630f5836d21b9454e8eee1577e66","datavalue":{"value":"end points","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$606C7143-C559-4C97-82F7-F5A6EEE4A457","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"98ecff425e98bc7fb8907f9352fd47040e631c10","datavalue":{"value":"interior points","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$E4C2C668-72B3-42B8-B3A1-887127ED09D4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"93f5ba70482d079e7b4b37fb912f09e83ca59479","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":237983,"id":"Q237983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$0B58CFB6-E654-437E-B3C8-98D52C55CF71","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$F2ECF222-8F86-435F-85F6-251FD718C5C3","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5c4171d0bac15e64eff2943eb6faf0d9a5f827d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3666917,"id":"Q3666917"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$40BC69B1-7B35-442E-AA7A-198AFBB7ED8B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d1509cd89cdfe65f375b0e38ea82858dcc385fdb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2648296,"id":"Q2648296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$65BD3E6A-4FEA-48CD-98E7-24ACFC15598C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5e9524ee9a04a14b8976bad5c998312745b170ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5811303,"id":"Q5811303"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$3DFA3908-0804-418B-8791-0E66BAA7C055","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"54f5bb626756bfa336b88cf5f316535105c3ab99","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1260127,"id":"Q1260127"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$592F45C3-009E-4EE8-849F-3E22B33E5BE9","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"48ae4e646fcb56a358af2e051ec2e60f4dcb1224","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-314x(86)90028-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$AEB1321E-9992-4B7C-AE99-5878BD9C78A3","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"cfd9a093e4153048072e2f97a935c03e692e1313","datavalue":{"value":"W1987700698","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1065856$831679AE-9984-4340-9BA4-E8FCA1B57C30","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8be9e2fda85d577e582b6ce403c36f74b2e1f52b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":788760,"id":"Q788760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65c0b2f6086be7c86fc44a88b5221416b3f5ab8f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8094468712806702","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1065856$BE039B21-B3E7-4448-B235-368AB5640492","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d9d90edf468960b0fb3001bd8f6b9445b183671","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3222934,"id":"Q3222934"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f902087a5eab2061d211a90639b299650cfa54a9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8020598888397217","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1065856$83F9A52D-852A-4D83-BDFA-ACAAF4EFEADE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eed0b2b984c6e1f78fff2a6a36e498894584cf9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3765860,"id":"Q3765860"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"400c0eded0cad50c33cca28d34c8239b902d178c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.791814923286438","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1065856$C734C357-8F3A-4875-981D-3CE6B8290E02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e991815c304505c71345facfdf5594ca44f7864c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3168815,"id":"Q3168815"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bc63b9ce88c256ab69bd571074e89d48554d3b28","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.791446328163147","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1065856$747B792E-E1B9-4F99-A9AC-79AC646904B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8081904709209f21058c4d6aa9b5b98258e3e171","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1084131,"id":"Q1084131"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"14e217421e445a23f41ac028f57bdff2620ddb8c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7911064028739929","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1065856$64D139C5-2F79-498F-BDB0-5F6E74F2C56E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"An elementary evaluation of the Jacobsthal sum","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/An_elementary_evaluation_of_the_Jacobsthal_sum"}}}}}