{"entities":{"Q1067292":{"pageid":1078044,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1067292","lastrevid":66075150,"modified":"2026-04-12T07:22:13Z","type":"item","id":"Q1067292","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A concept of negative dependence using stochastic ordering"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3927974"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$BCE22F05-1129-427A-965E-9034A0277136","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6f12524a2b04824729a373ddfe867dedc24ced04","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A concept of negative dependence using stochastic ordering","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$103FC526-EDAB-4FF9-946A-AD2DA541BBAF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"7288640d669dbaa5f7226989a47d451197cc2071","datavalue":{"value":"0579.60005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$927AA8B5-2941-4C62-9F9A-241615339AB5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0a5817cd21d4ac2f97e3aba40d94290a59be1620","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0167-7152(85)90029-X","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$6CA06B9D-953F-41AE-9350-C7733E6D17C8","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"aaa49dae28ed8d21e0e3abada5b8beba71082dcf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":467016,"id":"Q467016"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$D48DD170-AD0C-4110-91D4-3965F252D46D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5df22497bd6dcd7b36d38a7fd8dd28a8c9992eff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":467018,"id":"Q467018"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$73CE86B0-F401-4DCD-BB99-1C0636CCF79C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"427474c8f240dcf0cd95a9ae8e7c7acd0ca6db38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163554,"id":"Q163554"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$EBD8C705-CE03-43D4-9029-7CBAA4E968C6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6bc4e98086241c10d52d91b9f51a8e9963146852","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":173655,"id":"Q173655"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$4559941A-071D-4B48-8441-8E295A704F4E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3c94df5c9af0ede578c52141befd29044de13172","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1985-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$F32793E0-17D8-49E1-89E8-91E3738C8AA3","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2aac6d4179d597f47fa4795e914dc9a8869f9b75","datavalue":{"value":"The random variables \\(T_ 1,...,T_ n\\) (in the random vector T) are said to be negatively dependent through stochastic ordering (NDS) if \\((T_ 1,T_ 2,...,T_{i-1}T_{i+1},...,T_ n)\\downarrow^{st}T_ i\\), \\(i=1,2,...,n\\). For the uninitiated, a stochastic ordering is introduced by considering the random variables X to be stochastically smaller than the random variable Y if \\(P\\{X>x\\}\\leq P\\{Y>x\\}\\) for every real x. In this case we write \\((X\\leq^{st}Y)\\). The concept is extended to vector valued random variables by requiring that \\(g(X)\\leq^{st}g(Y)\\) for every g in the class of Borel measurable increasing functions on \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\). In this case X is said to be stochastically smaller than Y or \\(X\\leq^{st}Y.\\)    The definition and nomenclature of negative dependence are justified by showing that it implies \\(Cov(T_ i,T_ j)\\leq 0\\), \\(1\\leq i<j\\leq n\\) (provided the second moments exist.)    Several ''preservation'' results are proved. Models that yield such dependence are obviously of prime interest. The authors provide three such conditions. It is shown that some of the familiar multivariate distributions satisfy the conditions set down in the models. The authors provide stronger bases for some of the results proved earlier; for example, \\textit{K. Jogdeo} and \\textit{G. P. Patil} [Sankhy\u0101, Ser. B 37, 158-164 (1975; Zbl 0343.62040)] and \\textit{C. L. Mallows'} claim [Biometrika 55, 422-424 (1968; Zbl 0162.507)]. The results in this paper are considered analogously for positive dependence.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$5DA01B93-0038-48C3-98EE-15A9A234992A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d68cc4155d2917dd1c4226f85d9cb66872255c31","datavalue":{"value":"60B99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$59C89586-49BE-4F48-9E18-C5CB1D0C9A6B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ff138f99d11a274b93233d9f5d1834f169e2d6a7","datavalue":{"value":"60E99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$F38E7618-BBA1-4813-A514-93AF0E8C1EC4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8488bae0e70b66574d93dcdd9d355b6e4db8969e","datavalue":{"value":"60K10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$E437395D-7E9A-481F-81AD-C38F977B1941","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"0a6811815157456318f37feaa93c0275cb2a0e4b","datavalue":{"value":"3927974","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$A64336F4-C467-4E65-9468-2A05B2BA78EF","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ed1cc497af58bb84a2cd5d50b838ce124ac7a433","datavalue":{"value":"negatively dependent through stochastic ordering","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$72A30BE5-19ED-4B4F-94D3-C070487FCAB1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c5784c44afbce08f4e020a909a27ab5d1d50227c","datavalue":{"value":"stochastic ordering","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$03180873-6DB5-4E60-9C7D-44FAFA38DF35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9a927f84f9a92ba2d0e5307b3c85eb5f08703806","datavalue":{"value":"positive dependence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$D03FC4AA-F668-4016-B145-848AE9DD5590","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$A8EE2CDD-A3E9-4F21-BC76-41044CEDD015","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e9d7a1da05c208782b2633111f2cc5ed2e9a2df1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3924997,"id":"Q3924997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$59C37C96-2B08-4D2C-BF58-419C4E973A18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"50c46f1d906cf6b2ab7bf4ee1f1240c4ca48518e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4158362,"id":"Q4158362"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$F421225B-CA88-4A08-B51E-0131B6165289","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dcea650ee69bd91cc88700b2fd5d0fe3777838cf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1172352,"id":"Q1172352"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$5914AF31-5873-4603-BF19-D341E2870084","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"093ea4f0a8af3b4bbcb409a7126e1794ed7803af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3936039,"id":"Q3936039"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$8C6B2C40-595B-44C0-8C92-BBA9597D7D37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"205c5755ab508ba32ed183b7996a60da022724cf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4743586,"id":"Q4743586"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$60CFF475-BBFE-41DA-8528-5521FBE77C78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a994245f3215f16069aa6ff0e6bf2e3f751718ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3965425,"id":"Q3965425"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$379EEF70-1972-47B1-A0F0-C14FB18A48F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"df467390be12d7a1ffeca3ace20ec5d2e46cfd59","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5345414,"id":"Q5345414"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$48F5256E-E3BE-453B-B24F-4699A2DC4926","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"64542e327461ab1a2a1a4cbba35efe41801fdfbb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5574482,"id":"Q5574482"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$147125E4-B854-471D-A6C6-1137D2A6BA7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f85a49ea86f28bf6751731cd48e5f77dfd859c32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4112766,"id":"Q4112766"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$010A1A9C-9943-43F8-9AC2-C1FDA0EC4E96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7a25a73f8590720d3d954a7ab057e2eb61413b1f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1838002,"id":"Q1838002"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$E163FCDF-49EA-4DD3-BC98-9B2C0A020D97","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2a32a5c679cd254de63ce71d3957076e1b76ed5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1243503,"id":"Q1243503"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$1D27B9B8-24A4-4006-9674-E997087DA757","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8abe4f31a62f02b1e64ce9df9911e69c3584a6ba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5624248,"id":"Q5624248"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$E130A47D-DD16-47AB-9C8B-FC418CAFC1A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ad01ac60c62714fe6bce49c1f6e63c5bd29db7c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1157067,"id":"Q1157067"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$8174A254-8AC1-4077-8426-D426352A29DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eabed85eb29b34e9f9d0859a0104d551c1fdec26","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5524164,"id":"Q5524164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$E5E5DC04-806B-43FA-9B5A-1CE67E85E228","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6dabe225485800a1b19fe30399f1d0682b5274d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5546445,"id":"Q5546445"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$74EDC238-69E1-49A0-BD66-7FD2A9BF2DD6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"956964b31e65a69bc968dcd397d43d2733bd1154","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1162772,"id":"Q1162772"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$A450B0AD-2057-4F01-9102-4A97084CCF60","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"14f598a0b7855c569b8fe470f84f5e4d111bf60d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4153982,"id":"Q4153982"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$4E060181-9C9B-4B40-AEE3-D722AB4C8BE8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fb7e9fe7aae912487e031c6c63a984a1ab78f6e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1164920,"id":"Q1164920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$D5649F0D-023E-4727-8AC7-E7972333309A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"99a49a9d1dd21e634a0bc430767724e67fa53420","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7152(85)90029-x","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$D9789808-3367-455E-849D-E7C819A9537C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"4df845300cb571d92b05822a94426bce92d39a26","datavalue":{"value":"W2091021910","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1067292$E969BB3B-1574-44C0-8565-BEB36F6B863E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d4a7f0c32821cf967449a467114f8635ffc26d41","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3210014,"id":"Q3210014"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6cc777753ec390589f5d743b26d20dcf9c807a53","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8902873992919922","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1067292$4E19B41F-348D-4D68-8B43-CA605E347695","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0c339dcce9c98ca4b97dd08b171e0b53a997a989","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3819838,"id":"Q3819838"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dc0d0299fcf0b5cfe4e7a84b342612197dbb2bdc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8641136884689331","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1067292$C1565E74-5701-4C06-94B1-8C71612BF98A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2af7d6c8434bb92dd86690c9066e200f96b29b5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1427724,"id":"Q1427724"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8f58681e7c9377fb556c9b7fbbf17484f0809745","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8457574248313904","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1067292$4D1C5E57-B052-4230-98A5-2836A9C777E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"783d979d3f35c9d9cae82599bf97ea5d147f8009","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2954224,"id":"Q2954224"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8c6bf24275ab13a4bcd526b43b0030820a6ac157","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8451862931251526","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1067292$4C0D4B70-D25B-4B47-BBC9-3CD15727011D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f5a4e372fe7ef035754b165e8a6d455e65aa3e02","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4843895,"id":"Q4843895"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f39fc1380ef86534d5495be8a85396ef58c986e9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8439544439315796","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1067292$86430E99-44A9-4DCF-A856-A5358EA3D6F0","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A concept of negative dependence using stochastic ordering","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_concept_of_negative_dependence_using_stochastic_ordering"}}}}}