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Concepts from differential geometry are used to illustrate the complexity of offsets to general curves and surfaces, and to identify conditions under which offset geometries degenerate.    Qualitative descriptions for offset surfaces to simple solids are then presented, in terms of their elementary constituent patches, and the geometrical and topological relationship of these patches to the progenitor primitives. Precise mathematical representations for the required surface elements, as parametric rational polynomial forms, are given. 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