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We denote by L(M) the Lie algebra of \\(C^{\\infty}\\) vector fields on M. Let X be a vector field on M. If for all Y,Z\\(\\in L(M)\\) we have the relation \\(g(\\nabla_ YX,Z)- g(\\nabla_ ZX,Y)=0,\\) then X is called an irrotational vector field on (M,g). This definition is equivalent to the fact that \\((\\nabla X)_ x\\) is a symmetric endomorphism with respect to the scalar product induced by g in \\(T_ xM\\) for each point \\(x\\in M\\). Hence the concurrent vector fields are irrotational. A vector field is irrotational if and only if it is a locally potential field. An irrotational vector field X for which div X\\(=0\\) is called harmonic. The energy of X is defined by \\(F=g(X,X)\\). We have the relation \\(df(X)=g(\\nabla_ YX,X)=g(\\nabla_ XX,Y)\\) for all \\(Y\\in L(M)\\) and grad f\\(=\\nabla_ XX.\\)    Some of the results of this paper can be stated as follows: (I) Let X be an irrotational vector field on a Riemannian manifold (M,g) of dimension n and let f be the energy of X. (1) If \\(x_ 0\\in M\\) is a critical point of the energy f and \\(rank(\\nabla X)_{x_ 0}=n\\), then \\(x_ 0\\) is a zero of X. (2) Suppose rank (\\(\\nabla X)\\leq n-2\\). a) If \\(x_ 0\\in M\\) is a local minimum point of the energy f and the sectional curvature \\(K_{x_ 0}\\) of M at \\(x_ 0\\) is strictly negative, then \\(x_ 0\\) is a zero of X. b) If \\(x_ 0\\in M\\) is a local maximum point of the energy f and the sectional curvature \\(K_{x_ 0}\\) of M at \\(x_ 0\\) is strictly positive, then X vanishes identically in a neighborhood of \\(x_ 0\\). (II) Let X be an irrotational vector field on a complete Riemannian manifold (M,g). The energy f is convex if and only if  \\[  g(\\nabla_ X(\\nabla X)(Y),Y)+R(X,Y,X,Y)+g(\\nabla_ YX,\\nabla_ YX)\\geq 0,\\quad for\\quad all\\quad Y\\in {\\mathcal X}(M). 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