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A double group D(G) is a group with the presentation \\(D(G)=<G,G^{\\phi}\\); \\([g,g^{\\phi}]=1\\), for all \\(g\\in G>\\). Double groups have been studied before by two of the authors [\\textit{N. Rocco}, J. Algebra 76, 471-488 (1982; Zbl 0489.20018)] and \\textit{S. Sidki} [ibid. 63, 186-225 (1980; Zbl 0442.20014)]. In this paper the authors give a description of the lower central series of D(G) in terms of the lower central series of G. After ingeniously developing a commutator calculus for D(G) they prove the following results: (1) if G is locally nilpotent, then D(G) is locally nilpotent (2) if G is a 2-generator nilpotent group of class at most c, then D(G) is nilpotent of class at most \\(c+1\\). (3) If G is an m-generator nilpotent group of class at most c with \\(m\\geq 2\\), \\(c\\geq 1\\), then for \\(m\\leq c+2\\), \\(\\gamma_{c+3}(D(G))=1\\) while for \\(m\\leq c+3\\), \\(\\gamma_{c+3}(D(G))\\) is an elementary abelian 2-group of rank at most \\(\\sum^{m}_{k=c+3}\\left( \\begin{matrix} m\\\\ k\\end{matrix} \\right)\\). Here \\(\\gamma_ i(H)\\) denotes, as usual, the i-th term of the lower central series of the group 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