{"entities":{"Q1079545":{"pageid":1090297,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1079545","lastrevid":66260361,"modified":"2026-04-12T08:36:19Z","type":"item","id":"Q1079545","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Nonstandard entropy and energy measures of a fuzzy set"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3963742"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$64D08E63-B93A-40CB-ACC0-923191AD5556","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f8361824758d25e2e44ee7767acac582644dcd45","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Nonstandard entropy and energy measures of a fuzzy set","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$AB31A58F-7AFA-4622-A5A4-E45D4F16DA90","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8c42bcf601e464ad49226f8f1d90a92ada520638","datavalue":{"value":"0597.94031","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$34570744-F201-423B-97F4-906E02F16C3A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6ea24504702fcb6332f35142c2c067773c6f3f3c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-247X(84)90035-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$BF8AA94A-E14F-4484-A853-3F0E7D139060","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b47c632a6892c705a778626aeac00adf94f0a025","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":178971,"id":"Q178971"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$24800973-5452-47FA-B222-C1C6A22E35DD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c5ad7b9baf8e531c6b1ad954eb5f2899cc8fe5e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85344,"id":"Q85344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$9142F086-F313-4BE9-ADE2-2F1FE09DEAD4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2ee0f220147ae8bc749a64db56839865dbc4f127","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1984-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$5F0942CA-9277-489D-A1A0-A1B5636BFFDB","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"efb6e1587f7dde676be70ad86b9f180422188074","datavalue":{"value":"\\textit{A. De Luca} and \\textit{S. Termini} [Inf. Control 20, 301-312 (1972; Zbl 0239.94028)] have defined the entropy for a fuzzy set in Zadeh's sense and they have introduced the idea of energy. Successively, A. De Luca and S. Termini, E. Trillas and T. Riera, J. Knopfmacher and other authors have given several interesting examples of energy and entropy. Unfortunately, when X is infinite, these examples have several indesirable features. For examples, they are only defined for measurable fuzzy sets, and many properties which are true when X is finite are only ''almost everywhere'' true when X is infinite. Moreover, the contribution to entropy and energy of a finite subset of points is nonregistered.    The aim of this paper is to show that, if we replace the real number field by a nonstandard model of analysis, it is possible to avoid such inconveniences. In fact I give some examples of nonstandard entropies and energies which are natural extensions to the infinite case of the known energies and entropies defined when X is finite [see also \\textit{A. Di Nola} and \\textit{G. Gerla}, Fuzzy Sets Syst. 18, 173-181 (1986)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$9C0C0C07-C495-467B-80E1-B5E618EFAFD1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1ec63a0ab51237df67e9180d4cd78b9f8f886b2a","datavalue":{"value":"94D05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$5A4AFDE9-53D1-4F83-BCEF-275D1F040DB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e30d62051793251cdb7305d492b252b2239dfb5e","datavalue":{"value":"94A17","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$133D2567-6A40-44F2-B9EF-C3ABA38BC082","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"df8574ca221627a3b631e5712574287946b0b18d","datavalue":{"value":"26E35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$67233F83-A30F-41E7-B0E6-A38FC042E47F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d9038fbc6c9eb2d241eed759e44bf47d202533f7","datavalue":{"value":"03E72","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$82B557BE-5126-4F42-BA6E-A5E8A61244EA","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3516441fc4b62b20c36673f3468ef8f76b7cfbbc","datavalue":{"value":"3963742","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$2086D630-86FB-43BB-B40D-E0228C047049","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$915B7099-4FA2-4BE3-8487-9A3591A14D6A","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b151b55ca0aa605917e9e5714cc7f2264835975d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5650300,"id":"Q5650300"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$B0622014-0699-4884-99FF-C657284C802F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6faf38366855efa8def414ce87b9dbe1b4061a8a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5669525,"id":"Q5669525"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$7CAE5935-13DC-424D-9AEB-1AE0EB77A80D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0e039f5b7f43c6d2435f642d96dae2f8f04f12fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1218424,"id":"Q1218424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$6ADAA59D-6673-4AB6-A0BF-4BF23FDB6F02","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2fdda5ebb9b15dda1ccb4232e3fae8013f458c17","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4104164,"id":"Q4104164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$1E3A8230-0E79-434C-9336-84536D51BD0B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"378a2a05f400eeb250f25620b8367c53302c95aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1141115,"id":"Q1141115"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$E7C4FD81-7819-43BC-AF81-E1532C3CF0FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d4bc3870266cf5a5186489d6bf6639bf1fbf3e72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5514608,"id":"Q5514608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$0C56B3E2-F4AE-4199-A828-E79C2B705861","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1f4b894549b7be8d69fc8a2987f6db7e705508f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2532749,"id":"Q2532749"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1079545$ED949C6C-AE07-492C-BD5C-D6E86A501D34","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eb8cd48f198fdafbac9cb94da80798b7d78fd9e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1150354,"id":"Q1150354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"468b093fbcd7d3341e082a56b633c48224ce5071","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9359602","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$66B5FA71-E646-40A6-AFF4-EB42ED185DD3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"98abeb9c3d3443f9be1fe1b410cf370d409c35f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1965325,"id":"Q1965325"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e5159f29734416961aa241377cf0ec7e4d5b7e73","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91592115","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$D9EA94AB-2566-47BC-ABBC-1A3F9D4D6A37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4ef94116baffc516f4e19764f4dca994d0603c64","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3542657,"id":"Q3542657"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9b9155d7982bf4d39a9b2e6dbf39f13e08fbe747","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91117686","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$76547232-9950-46FC-AD22-75D991532986","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aafbe871d1f27487c3786c01c0c1c4259609f6b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1141115,"id":"Q1141115"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4a2024c3144b55656c73a933c9459337dc0dd534","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90706384","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$81425E4B-6C8E-430C-908C-5172A2412BCD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"815200a347c52c20bf09fd0253e7a48b9472c52a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4680255,"id":"Q4680255"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f92ef73222eb068f95bf9e4c185037fa4164a21","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90533787","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$A02729B1-747C-4401-AE3D-E52ED9520818","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9998293e43873e6ddff3fad9f35f786b831e0cf1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3589889,"id":"Q3589889"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d0181e8c4ef3a4b64ae1878b441c74d862bbdbd6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8991831","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$838D145F-089E-4E2E-AF5C-174B26A1817D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ca652d4cee0f429152884c5726d397f1dd22b683","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2747053,"id":"Q2747053"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a4674974471272391685fe645298447611f34a1b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8960037","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$07A52475-190D-401D-8D34-F9603D61AF9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"50336ce4479e0eab565d3772340efe3a7683bbaa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5029579,"id":"Q5029579"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2262d8857a5a64fdef49c21bfceb68334aa85c4e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.895347","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$3F6F8708-C016-4E5B-AF69-60DB45BAAB00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4e10302a3a66fc060747d91b9a237ea4a3e2162b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5291628,"id":"Q5291628"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f92c6e520a79f6b1008fb44446b1f3aab4aee4b2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8937246","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$00EF670E-CB8D-48B4-B46C-1E8DB8626B1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c9b6d28e3ecbbe4715fad1b8936f4180a9dca38b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1187204,"id":"Q1187204"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e6dd3352f51875ea0d6900db5152436ff3019df0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.893312","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1079545$8411AAD7-7D9D-4D73-8999-2B34EC4E1121","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Nonstandard entropy and energy measures of a fuzzy set","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Nonstandard_entropy_and_energy_measures_of_a_fuzzy_set"}}}}}