{"entities":{"Q1080945":{"pageid":1091697,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1080945","lastrevid":66093789,"modified":"2026-04-12T07:30:22Z","type":"item","id":"Q1080945","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Characteristic pairs for 2-groups"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3968876"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$68F05563-9461-4D29-B79B-76E44E5E89EA","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6b7102cfe5501b5894e78d6f3eb37f02c7d1e8b8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Characteristic pairs for 2-groups","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$2E8847DA-A602-4CB0-BBEF-138674B7AC1D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"64ce22616c1e160ee0d52e539a16d25b6037219c","datavalue":{"value":"0601.20017","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$DDE95F1C-EE2B-4284-BA93-E8653B58C261","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"758522b75792da2d52adcee023fb2a14eb30b842","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0021-8693(85)90196-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$C548F154-13A6-453C-8E3C-1F3D4A05768D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f7508e122aef552bd956dff5d349a36e259a3e95","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":595003,"id":"Q595003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$D3EE92A5-8F4B-40B3-A246-008F1AC0A062","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"93541bb195a0809b1f249396bcebe99d047e6b6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161561,"id":"Q161561"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$7DC6F6B1-CE6F-4508-8E18-6DCC16713173","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3c94df5c9af0ede578c52141befd29044de13172","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1985-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$C6541624-2C1D-4FA6-ACAA-E0B08D1C6275","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c2c0e5d4575a5bc6b2608f9882fc3e10c2976572","datavalue":{"value":"Let p be a prime, let S be a finite p-group, and let G be a finite group. The pair \\((S,G)\\) satisfies condition \\(({\\mathcal C}_ p)\\) if: S is a Sylow p-subgroup of G, \\(C_ G(O_ p(G))\\leq O_ P(G)\\), G has a normal subgroup K such that \\(G/K\\cong SL_ 2(p^ m)\\) for some m and S is contained in a unique maximal subgroup of G. A basic result for such pairs (S,G) was obtained by Glauberman and Niles. Also Campbell proved an important variation of the Glauberman-Niles theorem for \\(p=2\\). These results played an important role in Aschbacher's work on classifying finite simple groups of characteristic 2 type.    To state the main results of this paper, we require some definitions: Let S denote an arbitrary finite 2-group. Let \\({\\mathcal C}_ 2(S)\\) denote the collection of all finite groups G such that the pair \\((S,G)\\) satisfies \\(({\\mathcal C}_ 2)\\) and let \\(K(S)=C_ S(\\Omega_ 1(Z(J(S)))\\) where J(S) is the Thompson subgroup of S generated by the set of all elementary abelian subgroups of S of maximal order. Also let \\({\\mathcal D}(S)\\) denote the collection of all finite groups G such that: (G1) S is a Sylow 2- subgroup of G, (G2) \\(C_ G(O_ 2(G))\\leq O_ 2(G)\\), (G3) \\(G=G/C_ G(\\Omega_ 1(Z(O_ 2(G)))\\cong SL_ 2(2^ m)\\) for some m, (G4) when \\(V=\\Omega_ 1(Z(O_ 2(G)))\\) is regarded as a \\(GF(2)[\\bar G]\\)-module, then \\([V,G]/C_{[V,\\bar G]}(\\bar G)\\) is the natural \\(GF(2)[SL_ 2(2^ m)]\\)-module, (G5) \\(O_ 2(G)<C_ G(V)\\), (G6) \\([O_ 2(G),O^ 2(G)]\\nleq V\\), (G7) S is contained in a unique maximal subgroup of G and (G8) \\(G=<K(S)^ G>\\). Also let \\({\\mathcal D}'(S)\\) denote the collection of all finite groups G that satisfy (G1)-(G5), (G7) and (G'6) \\([O_ 2(G),O^ 2(G)]\\leq V\\) and (G'8) \\(J(S)\\nleq C_ G(V)\\). Note that if \\(G\\in {\\mathcal D}'(S)\\), then G has a unique noncentral chief factor in \\(O_ 2(G)\\), it lies in V and is the natural module for \\(G/C_ G(V)\\cong SL_ 2(2^ m)\\). A characteristic pair for S is a pair \\((S_ 1,S_ 2)\\) of characteristic subgroups of S such that \\(G\\in {\\mathcal D}(S)\\) implies \\(S_ 1\\) or \\(S_ 2\\) is normal in G. A characteristic pair \\((S_ 1,S_ 2)\\) is of Glauberman-Niles type if \\(S_ 1\\neq 1\\), \\(S_ 2\\neq 1\\) and \\(S_ 1\\leq \\Omega_ 1(Z(S)).\\)    The two main results of this paper are: Theorem A. Let S be a finite 2- group, let \\(T=K(S)\\) and let \\((T_ 1,T_ 2)\\) be a characteristic pair for T such that \\(T_ 1\\leq \\Omega_ 1(Z(T))\\). Then for each \\(G\\in {\\mathcal C}_ 2(S)\\) we have: (A1) \\(T_ 1\\cap \\Omega_ 1(Z(S))\\leq Z(G)\\) or (A2) \\(T_ 2\\trianglelefteq G\\) or (A3) \\(G\\in {\\mathcal D}'(S)\\). - Theorem B. Let S be a finite 2-group and let \\(G_ i\\in {\\mathcal D}(S)\\) for \\(i=1,2\\). Then \\(O_ 2(G_ 1)\\cap O_ 2(G_ 2)\\) is normal in both \\(G_ 1\\) and \\(G_ 2.\\)    For each finite 2-group S, set \\({\\mathcal Q}(S)=\\{O_ 2(G)|\\) \\(G\\in {\\mathcal D}(S)\\}\\), \\(Q(S)=\\cap_{Q\\in {\\mathcal Q}(S)}Q\\) if \\({\\mathcal D}(S)\\neq \\emptyset\\) and \\(Q(S)=S\\) if \\({\\mathcal D}(S)=\\emptyset\\). Clearly Z(S)\\(\\leq Q(S)\\); so Q(S)\\(\\neq 1\\) if \\(S\\neq 1\\). Moreover Q(S) char S. Theorems A and B readily yield: Theorem C. Let S be a nonidentity 2-group. Then (1) Q(S)\\(\\trianglelefteq G\\) for all \\(G\\in {\\mathcal D}(S)\\) and (2) \\(\\Omega_ 1(Z(S))\\) and Q(S) form a characteristic pair of Glauberman-Niles type for S. - And a generalization of Campbell's theorem: Theorem D. Let S be a finite 2-group and let \\(G\\in {\\mathcal C}_ 2(S)\\). Then (1) \\(\\Omega_ 1(Z(S))\\leq Z(G)\\) or (2) \\(Q(K(S))\\trianglelefteq G\\) or (3) \\(G\\in {\\mathcal D}(S).\\)    Utilizing previous work of the author, the above results also yield various generalizations of Aschbacher's C(G,T)-theorem and of a 2-fusion theorem of McBride. One such result is Theorem H of this paper. The proofs of Theorems A and B imitate the methods of the author [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 23, 465-489 (1976; Zbl 0389.20013)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$702F0B55-B4B1-4972-9037-64A59A93B871","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"677f074949b6912a3d5be9a52164e3a800597639","datavalue":{"value":"20D15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$E67B2B56-7245-4594-B4CC-DB1600194F31","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0838ebc9c8bacb3297c2f0d131d4b9d35e288c46","datavalue":{"value":"20D25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$464340C9-828F-458A-907F-9CB24C11A38A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7cb279cd820ee6d5f5647cc9befc318ac29106a8","datavalue":{"value":"20D20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$72018B94-F39E-408B-A3C5-BC691223C761","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d42408b3b2a5719112a50156031a4dfd0836cf9b","datavalue":{"value":"20D05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$3DC06DBD-6F2D-4FB9-89FE-48CC8DAC3BC8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"77817583b670c0e449586bb7932b07e02890cfd0","datavalue":{"value":"3968876","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$ACEA0BE3-7679-4CC3-B3F2-6A911BFF66D2","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6ed0093242a73aec5ac4286bc0538761d52c99ab","datavalue":{"value":"finite 2-group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$FC05BB66-47CA-4AD6-8F87-641528C18A63","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7295e72fa82567ad3cfb6421856510cefb6144eb","datavalue":{"value":"Thompson subgroup","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$C67B1F94-61AA-42F4-A523-9503CF2814BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4451ef19863e0ca547f0ba9a78c2a01abd15e9e4","datavalue":{"value":"Sylow 2-subgroup","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$F519FF25-94C3-45B1-8D01-8B674D47B918","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"effbb941d511cbfd14d2861135e4fbd93431d69b","datavalue":{"value":"maximal subgroup","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$ACBC60A1-F2A2-4E7A-B08C-4006CACA8C99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"778c1fe4c2d99ce8054f4f0ab2320b690bcc1f58","datavalue":{"value":"chief factor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$3E3C23F8-FF17-4AFA-8D58-D254BD1C7EE5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9126e46fff1ec37b8dd6d190d3f33922ba956c4a","datavalue":{"value":"characteristic pair","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$98A1A068-7C6C-4EF3-A4D5-F32C43906DEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"052d1b9901ab26371fcfff15dd03d5d0349bc5dc","datavalue":{"value":"characteristic subgroups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$84C2A22B-7ACA-48B7-A164-98A9C669B742","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$55DDF321-0AA0-476A-9DC5-3998ED8B0941","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"414ccb9d31b0fb5586fcbfb3d009d0c58631d5a4","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8693(85)90196-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$DA026F72-5E56-4E62-A2D9-81A29022A6F3","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"327b54f27402930733b85921946c90c277924a86","datavalue":{"value":"W2024090296","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$D8F0B392-FD93-4267-A39D-1DBFBA44F595","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dfe7715da2d8243457cf7d4e908707dfbbfaa18c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3949193,"id":"Q3949193"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$686252E8-99C0-4537-94F6-C526ECF4A014","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e72555d1d6ddd743f4d475027aeca4d93508465","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1160277,"id":"Q1160277"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$EBFF26DB-AD5E-4F3D-9D0F-2EB2410F725B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8a1688496df978fff5e4c229515eb3c7b0fd935b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":595004,"id":"Q595004"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$A59AE0B1-E08C-497E-9BFC-EF6076B15083","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2bb3651d3bcf08ce4afce44bba91d1ab0e3fec6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3946334,"id":"Q3946334"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$3CA4EA15-EB5A-4E91-86FB-1AE40C08EFC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ed2ca046e09c865f9545127a7780e47f215d1b07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4196581,"id":"Q4196581"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$CE85B081-B614-4B3E-B08C-AC610C07AC33","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"496e4de8a8239ce1d72676f57879de6f352597fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4170886,"id":"Q4170886"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$B18D34BC-8C53-4F9C-8C25-6C43C6A410E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"26e953e3fdb4b18c59e2244fa4e1f4ca98e863b3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1258819,"id":"Q1258819"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$21223617-D161-4DE9-935F-091B4E199514","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a251e2aa2c10e57e3cde10eeb0304bb489f1ecdd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1148991,"id":"Q1148991"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$2BE8537A-667A-4D13-A39B-703FDD6747D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"306fee24127888cecd75ddb9c1f0b6be37f3c60a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2540279,"id":"Q2540279"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$53B565DC-4E40-4882-A302-6A92EA77B5DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9dba98fa0fe9071e611b2a38b429be40c5debc56","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3961644,"id":"Q3961644"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1080945$5CC17094-0880-4E74-AF49-6BACF0B5AAD3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"29fdb4092c4e344457d8116aff72be797df57509","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1089096,"id":"Q1089096"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"621c943af6cf4df6167f2a4fa1e0814d1594389b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8221598863601685","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1080945$EE4937EB-D2C4-4245-8AEE-8A208B969F91","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1679d8cb40cadf3bb806ef798a2c722597345156","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1081692,"id":"Q1081692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b43d6af321b6d734712ea82653b56f2246b768ca","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8186051249504089","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1080945$0E0245CB-0F2A-4555-B8C1-FA3C0460CF7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dda69d94d3a9d561c7c4a0bbf1055826616ff69a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3743478,"id":"Q3743478"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"82660b4f7a04ae1b40670d6696fcb22639f28cb7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8038527369499207","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1080945$65FC8DDC-8AC5-4F45-8619-C2A8D6B5548A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"037dff8b330b092901c24545920a0cf6bf2531d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1108375,"id":"Q1108375"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"24725e00d57377adfae2408936af0388301ee42b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.802756667137146","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1080945$1825786C-47D7-4B5B-8490-FF1CBEAB2691","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bbbc89ed81b94000d4915bb072661b5d691c2cc0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1067000,"id":"Q1067000"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7ac3a25cf99408a881dfb7662a61a6d2ddffb513","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8026005029678345","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1080945$9E3AD188-8A36-4839-9F00-F9E4F5F3BEBB","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Characteristic pairs for 2-groups","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Characteristic_pairs_for_2-groups"}}}}}