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Direct methods, i.e., those based upon Gaussian elimination, can easily require prohibitively large amounts of both CPU time and storage, even on current supercomputers. Iterative procedures avoiding the formation and factorization of a global system of equations can circumvent these difficulties. The element-by-element (EBE) preconditioned conjugate gradients (PCG) algorithm is presented in the context of a vectorized implementation within the production nonlinear stress analysis code Nike3D. Due to continued confusion as to the ease of vectorizing finite element procedures, we include examples of the main EBE subroutines in their entirety.    The concept of a fractal dimension of a finite element mesh is introduced, and proves useful in characterizing the efficiency of this iterative algorithm with respect to a variable band, active column direct method. 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