{"entities":{"Q1085328":{"pageid":1096080,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1085328","lastrevid":66283062,"modified":"2026-04-12T08:45:46Z","type":"item","id":"Q1085328","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Oscillation and nonoscillation for systems of two first-order linear differential equations with delay"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3981620"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$DE8A480B-0805-4083-B530-2E69F3EE7617","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"14527bd83afdeb012b8ffbe3793ce48dd9d5db72","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Oscillation and nonoscillation for systems of two first-order linear differential equations with delay","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$1D1C5A76-D712-4C5F-AC3E-0389A641C1E9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3fba4e1a9a34202f892e479acc7bf421cf609a0e","datavalue":{"value":"0607.34060","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$05B0E948-ADBC-447D-A539-4FD988A5CFE2","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d422b4a4c9ac1ce2629d7e244ccd01e1d878d9de","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-247X(86)90024-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$5B6C2F5F-C5C3-4E68-A8D7-BE258DDE4F27","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c5ad7b9baf8e531c6b1ad954eb5f2899cc8fe5e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85344,"id":"Q85344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$E069229B-9302-4587-AFF7-A196E06F4D2B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63df7153432d81fa42019fcabb076c89649b0b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1986-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$A6961C32-EFF2-4288-AB05-2A4656CBD68B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b9137196bdc771a2e551edece4c45087587d1aa9","datavalue":{"value":"In the first section the authors consider systems of the form  \\[  (1)\\quad \\dot x_ 1(t)=a_{11}x_ 1(t)+a_{12}x_ 2(t-\\tau_ 1),\\quad \\dot x_ 2(t)=a_{21}x_ 1(t-\\tau_ 2)+a_{22}x_ 2(t).  \\]  Here \\(a_{ij}\\in R\\) and \\(\\tau_ i>0\\), \\(i,j=1,2\\). These systems are compared with the corresponding systems without delay:  \\[  (2)\\quad \\dot x_ 1(t)=a_{11}x_ 1(t)+a_{12}x_ 2(t),\\quad \\dot x_ 2(t)=a_{21}x_ 1(t)+a_{22}x_ 2(t).  \\]  A solution \\((x_ 1,x_ 2)\\) of (1), or (2), is said to be oscillatory if both \\(x_ 1\\) and \\(x_ 2\\) have arbitrary large zeros in \\(R_+\\). Otherwise \\((x_ 1,x_ 2)\\) is said to be nonoscillatory. In some cases the oscillatory properties of (2) are not affected by delays, e.g., if \\(a_{11}=a_{22}\\) and \\(a_{12}a_{21}<0\\) then also all solutions of (1) are oscillatory. In many cases delay can cause or destroy oscillations. For example, if \\(a_{11}+a_{22}>0\\), \\((a_{11}-a_{22})^ 2+4a_{12}a_{21}<0,\\) then (2) is oscillatory; but for special delays, such that \\(\\tau_ 1+\\tau_ 2\\) is a given function of the coefficients \\(a_{ij}\\), there exists an explicitly computed nonoscillatory solution of (1). The second, larger, section of this paper deals with systems with variable coefficients  \\[  (3)\\quad \\dot x_ 1(t)=a_{11}(t)x_ 1(t)+a_{12}(t)x_ 2(t-\\tau_ 1),\\quad \\dot x_ 2(t)=a_{21}(t)x_ 1(t-\\tau_ 2)+a_{22}(t)x_ 2(t).  \\]  The authors transform the component \\(x_ 1(t)\\) of (3) to a function u(t), with the same oscillatory behavior, which satisfies a selfadjoint second-order delay equation \\((4)\\quad (r(t)u'(t))'=P(t)r(t)u(t-\\tau_ 1-\\tau_ 2),\\) and a similar result holds for \\(x_ 2(t)\\). They use and extend known results on (4) and thus obtain results on the oscillatory behavior of (3). These results are too complicated to be described here. Throughout the paper many simple examples illustrate nicely the theory.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$1F53C7F2-6430-472C-9831-70DF7D6DCF04","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"37b1598aa71a7c68bb074c97040b36f83557e503","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":804940,"id":"Q804940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$8ADD75EE-91B9-47FC-9A47-0F106BCA5D40","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"87970d4497b19fdabd29bb9463732a7399d09d00","datavalue":{"value":"34K99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$C1ED36CD-F34E-4AFA-8E61-560EE883AA08","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3f10616f4362d598bf21af80311650debbd520dd","datavalue":{"value":"34C10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$E894AF78-C10C-4915-8524-480D9DCBF2C3","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ebec54831f755e305465029a89790cbf924875ff","datavalue":{"value":"3981620","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$1D529253-D437-45BE-B485-3B0FB49C7218","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f4d841bae546c69c634d0adfd09532832366aa98","datavalue":{"value":"first order differential equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$86ABCB61-936C-4F8F-AB54-63AF05C4C777","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3b76a5f96cd2aadef4a656a5e792c750f2bab46b","datavalue":{"value":"delay","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$65D11F85-AA9D-4224-9154-520EB3125040","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"86196c75bcdb8000a49f81a632625b7d6fbdb398","datavalue":{"value":"nonoscillatory solution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$6AD9A675-959A-43F0-B47F-2ECD44773F59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a16ae7a785b59fe8d64915f954128ae0cf64bcbf","datavalue":{"value":"examples","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$A4180082-39B7-4599-B597-5C7BBF2A6546","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fff2e0deefb524731bce1b4632dffab59499767e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1225747,"id":"Q1225747"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$28C601F3-B2A0-47B7-9820-3A17D33CB2FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"086b0d34e8235e410b9fb54e32f29413178a4f2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1300198,"id":"Q1300198"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$73760877-D234-4C68-8C9C-E36D5A135536","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$193F7F1F-0E3A-4411-B61E-0B31BA5B5910","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b61d1358c7e4e51df87af94a13fd4daecf0db3d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4186692,"id":"Q4186692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$07E2DD06-DB6A-4E0F-AED8-28559EB8110D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8f241ad96384142304637d2731b9f299317ed7b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4201146,"id":"Q4201146"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$78D5DEB2-2F2E-4074-BA71-17144FA0AC22","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"49d6191f73485e74465d5bf97ec0fa7588fe0cf6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4193794,"id":"Q4193794"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$B2D1D55C-93CC-426C-A80B-FD7F90681CD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7055a23fbaaa7117dd3a2f559f6a5c1a9b274fc8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5904614,"id":"Q5904614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$C83C0031-47A7-48AF-8513-34B990EB6C7E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0a5ffc0b1de8eba02d705adaaa02f00b70e488a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1170430,"id":"Q1170430"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$E3BFBC2D-8C12-42FA-8F3D-E90123A23073","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a093554b137e6820b8cd10010db4f133e7496106","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5642900,"id":"Q5642900"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$B4A814B4-EA07-4BDE-B462-5331F3FA9211","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a1fb9cd0b9ca4c024d017e8929575835283ca06e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5519286,"id":"Q5519286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$CB39F9F9-F843-4381-9755-E3A41723F533","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2c40c9099d9d666322f07aa55acb84a303b151f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1225748,"id":"Q1225748"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$0D59BBAD-B5AA-4FEE-A6A5-0D7B43243A4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b15ee1c1c35f34ef04c22a05c5177d864cc888f6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4774423,"id":"Q4774423"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$2CFCEF7B-7356-446D-A9A9-5DC1D363A346","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"837d14568f90f7b5d287be72424e77a5fba6ce97","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2549416,"id":"Q2549416"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$D6690B85-D223-4D62-BF64-80BEB1A96F06","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec9b97af0e853a8a82b3cbc6df07054e48b3a9d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4159676,"id":"Q4159676"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085328$DCF7D4CA-96BB-4BA7-B09F-F2BDEB6E2CA8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7f498a2956c8e8ab899b964138930aa031384b80","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3497434,"id":"Q3497434"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"96bc124e306e1c6e4b809f39488a964c8497d68c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8464570641517639","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085328$D25FF416-3D78-4443-8015-BE1258B78799","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8dd93afd5fe695ca62f0c8094c48cceb014c08ba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3324292,"id":"Q3324292"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3fd53ef1106c7a69f80dbf9a7c7871a8bed8806c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8410815000534058","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085328$89F8FDB6-3122-4D53-B993-9477FEFCFEC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ea0a35684f07932f56fba9f1a197db591a15b3c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1203875,"id":"Q1203875"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"36b7ff2386344a0c1b4edbfe3170e147f3291d8f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8392711281776428","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085328$2E463A7E-FE61-4F74-A5BE-60F600A609EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3406823c6a9b429b4747eb1fa269edf97fb82cc5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3349232,"id":"Q3349232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"21751505e58f96da48cd465a3cec72e2464cecc1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8356367945671082","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085328$7CE247AB-6ACB-4F99-A13C-867FDE37E46B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"00c9911b2ba6413b1ba17edf2ac4aef42940ae27","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1308536,"id":"Q1308536"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8f309fd1e089090591a17c8115677165b2884bdd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8240911960601807","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085328$3D62060A-06DB-44A5-92E7-DC83E99C8050","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Oscillation and nonoscillation for systems of two first-order linear differential equations with delay","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Oscillation_and_nonoscillation_for_systems_of_two_first-order_linear_differential_equations_with_delay"}}}}}