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Then the fixed point algebra \\(A^ g=\\{a\\in A|\\) \\(a^ g=a\\}\\) has at most 2 rationally independent equivalence classes of idempotents (compactly expressed, the \\({\\mathbb{Z}}\\)-rank of \\(K_ 0(A^ g)\\) is at most 2). In 1977, George Elliott asked me whether the converse holds. (Quoted from the paper.)    Specifically, if g is an order 2 \\((^*\\)-) automorphism of A such that rank \\(K_ 0(A^ g)\\leq 2\\), is g of the form \\(\\otimes Ad u_ k\\) (which may correspond to a different infinite factorization of A), that is, is it of product type ? The problem is solved with counterexamples, and with two positive results, the second of which is:    Corollary. Let A be a UHF algebra, and g an order two automorphism that is locally finite dimensional. Suppose the \\({\\mathbb{Z}}\\)-rank of \\(K_ 0(A^ g)\\) (or of \\(K_ 0(A\\times <g>))\\) is 1 or 2.    (a) If A unitally contains a UHF algebra of type \\(2^{\\infty}q^{\\infty}\\) (for some odd prime q), then g is conjugate to a product type action.    (b) If A contains the UHF algebra \\(\\otimes M_ pC\\) (p varying over all primes), then g is conjugate to a product-type 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