{"entities":{"Q1085891":{"pageid":1096643,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1085891","lastrevid":49014313,"modified":"2026-01-06T11:45:42Z","type":"item","id":"Q1085891","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Stationary distributions of perturbed Markov chains"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3984250"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$045CDC57-6665-4BC9-83CB-80A0666BF115","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3ae7c86867c476b65db264904667fb5bbe51fa56","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Stationary distributions of perturbed Markov chains","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$E09C9A1D-6DCB-4CEC-8744-98AACC82E83D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"982bb18bb4c96751ec62e7baeb5a7d715ccfa690","datavalue":{"value":"0608.60062","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$CE7736B8-FB9F-4265-9226-3E842D53081C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"895924211fddb87c19604384f431066154adf970","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0024-3795(86)90152-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$98E45BCE-A34B-4B98-AA3F-C7E73B3D2F34","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2d5f40b0f50027c24fae9a7c15f39c1f31296838","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":261307,"id":"Q261307"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$C4CBA2D8-0283-463F-A500-3555C26E86B6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$3A2D6469-E342-488D-B197-D03CD99021E3","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63df7153432d81fa42019fcabb076c89649b0b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1986-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$5AB294AF-1B98-447A-BD2A-94C445880E26","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f8dfd45c273ed1b8e0e947993b062ad205dca958","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(P^{(1)}\\) be an irreducible Markov matrix on the finite set S and let \\(\\pi^{(1)}\\) be the invariant probability distribution for \\(P^{(1)}\\), i.e., \\(\\pi^{(1)}\\) is a nonnegative row vector satisfying \\(\\pi^{(1)}\\cdot 1=1\\), where 1 denotes a column vector of ones, and \\(\\pi^{(1)}P^{(1)}=\\pi^{(1)}\\). Let \\(P^{(2)}\\) be obtained by perturbing \\(P^{(1)}\\) via a rank 1 linear transformation: \\(P^{(2)}=P^{(1)}+ab^ T\\), where a and b are column vectors such that \\(b^ T\\cdot 1=1\\), and let \\(\\pi^{(2)}\\) be the associated invariant distribution. The author expresses \\(\\pi^{(2)}\\) in terms of \\(\\pi^{(1)}\\), a and b. The main result is the following:    let \\(\\rho\\),t be row and column vectors, respectively, such that \\(\\rho\\cdot 1\\neq 0\\) and \\(\\pi^{(1)}\\cdot t\\neq 0\\), and define \\(\\alpha =\\rho (I-P^{(1)}+t\\rho)^{-1}\\) and \\(\\beta =b^ T(I- P^{(1)}+t\\rho)^{-1}\\). Then \\(\\pi^{(1)}=\\alpha /(\\alpha \\cdot 1)\\) and  \\[  \\pi^{(2)}=\\frac{(\\alpha \\cdot a)\\beta +(1-\\beta \\cdot a)\\alpha}{(\\alpha \\cdot a)(\\beta \\cdot 1)+(1-\\beta \\cdot a)(\\alpha \\cdot 1)}.  \\]  Application is made to the special cases that \\(P^{(1)}\\) and \\(P^{(2)}\\) differ in one row only or differ in exactly two elements in the same row.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$B1CFAB36-BB8E-4E61-863B-1E7DFF547E60","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1cdf15533e26fc0c4c2e22d28e655c364dfe77a6","datavalue":{"value":"60J10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$BFCCBAA6-5600-41C8-9F00-623377DF0A88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2e0bbeefc3d633ef2a2ca36004dc27235255343f","datavalue":{"value":"15B51","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$74BB0A72-7A6F-43CA-9B1C-22BA1E886E6C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f4516a6b6aefa88ccdab38265c698667fdc75a36","datavalue":{"value":"3984250","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$C8686957-1BAA-44F1-AB5C-18966F715191","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8d8b5fe13ef40408ca03dff11052739a35b40c14","datavalue":{"value":"techniques for updating the stationary distribution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$FC05E690-3107-463D-998D-2CD443206924","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6b1dd2f4e111c2303a6e79c3b7fc03dc1cde3eeb","datavalue":{"value":"irreducible Markov matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$8C2BBC4D-FD1E-4F1C-818E-7A15E6305DD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3c55b173f7e101542d2d2b6ca04dab970f009a6e","datavalue":{"value":"invariant distribution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$D76697AF-8775-4C3B-A375-0A90B1268264","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"499d5b57e4950cf6531994b69623ce104c75f4f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":594512,"id":"Q594512"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$FABE5267-54C3-427C-A9EE-00889331B769","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$6E3FC39A-4FE0-4ECB-AC59-52F97CD4264F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"8ae9527a23ff174d4fb51243f646252ba6c9e758","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(86)90152-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$14A489B0-07C8-4A14-9C90-7174496CA154","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d4665a0397fa0859211f576c76b023a8babeab2f","datavalue":{"value":"W2056787380","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$18CE4263-4697-4BF1-ACF1-F5CE5FBB7184","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf6eb05eacde11af3a228cf2ab1ee3bb43cd9d6b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3922101,"id":"Q3922101"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$11AACC40-6E94-4CE2-B421-C1B827493CA7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d35932aaeefb597e8b69cc97cad84354955ef370","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1069213,"id":"Q1069213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$BBF6F510-699F-40E9-8AF8-D61E9841683A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"04a3e3aac2327b6b25e0e9166602ad0e2a6c9228","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3721678,"id":"Q3721678"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$DB1AA667-82D4-4FA6-AB4E-E55E9710555A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"66cabf5e675cda0172feb7a7e6cea6d6be44b866","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3692813,"id":"Q3692813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$557F63F4-0778-40E6-AAEB-3BAE81E80161","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1820d2c659467c2ecbda33299ac67c8515d8f146","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5185800,"id":"Q5185800"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$8F2A3BBF-DCBD-485E-8F96-51DDC25E8062","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e93064e18eac90c4572252dde2069e4ec490081d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1168384,"id":"Q1168384"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$14BBD581-F3E1-41F0-A622-DE361434F78F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d0bbefd56eb2ad6a786a9410fbd60700336d4b0a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3326555,"id":"Q3326555"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$377F7633-05E6-45E9-8C09-5DED669D3435","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2ccd9d49b765e6a24c663fa9a2a0e414cb692e24","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3326556,"id":"Q3326556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$108E9D05-B6B4-42E1-BB48-1492A1BCA2E0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"23f410b10084fd4714c9f350deb8b855d8acb3c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1157635,"id":"Q1157635"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$826115EE-CE6F-46D1-B90B-A5414AF8D79B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"548d853a18eb713f9463402e105feb27bfd6a78f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3849299,"id":"Q3849299"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$ABD2D494-0A97-42BF-8CB3-EC649C77929E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e8443a2c51a786d5e58ac2b8c9234c94a763253a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4072596,"id":"Q4072596"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$6EECF2C4-23EC-40A9-BA81-E799A5C35259","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"49aca725c398af312461ba48f323ec78f8db2043","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3963813,"id":"Q3963813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$51138065-F01D-422D-98C5-DC5EE2AD5EE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"31a9e9ee6c1b99cc4cb88150b3f6a3a78e7d808b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3915755,"id":"Q3915755"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$079915A8-8E63-48C8-A6FC-79939BEDE31A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"049899d29b3c0087211a1134bdaa95ba8ed3e700","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4096197,"id":"Q4096197"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$D81F10D3-C11F-4E58-92CD-5AA48964906B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bd0a22b037e67081b98ef905dc772d8ffa56e366","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5592699,"id":"Q5592699"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$355E87E1-F6C5-4369-8CD9-8D69AADF10C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dde40260662b945bdaeaf20b6e7283a9e314ab76","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5594908,"id":"Q5594908"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$75B06DA2-CF43-4343-8AD4-2B0CC51F887D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cc5f97b6cf1d664c3e875eba636f37becf62bb6d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5179608,"id":"Q5179608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1085891$908C6A4D-94D3-4680-ACC1-D2D058661A3C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b7c4cef06ab8bd15922b4b54d59decd88554ad03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4408538,"id":"Q4408538"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d30e906d3dea38f3e5b033c3c75299e5db8ddf4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9006710648536682","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085891$3DFCCBCC-0E44-452D-B025-7BCE44D150C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b0307fe2c379e1c87cdd2e3c25ef5843e378cc74","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4322035,"id":"Q4322035"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c4acf8aee46a66e3a509f9c35a6c04d3af942dbe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9006707072257996","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085891$8FFA71BC-EACB-48C7-90D3-8570A760F609","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"87fb6d9e744a1566e047d879990f4761ca4fa7fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3769722,"id":"Q3769722"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"045ffbfbe70c19bf2de468bb593236f4751c346e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.868075430393219","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085891$53198319-7867-43A7-8511-B3CEA1F9EB17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cae41c68daf055cf88f5bb32a6871e2186dc528b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2575710,"id":"Q2575710"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"87c414da67ae77ee895e2fac156c01cb2f28a11c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8657982349395752","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085891$14A52131-0042-419E-BE15-10060049D81C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"592def875fea7bebdef410ea211786d294e19153","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1326399,"id":"Q1326399"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7dd478d7d88f9af4ff5f73d101dfb01fcf62e490","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8571442365646362","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1085891$A2DBBCBB-31E7-45A7-922D-8BD6917D9E3D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1085891","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1085891"}}}}}