{"entities":{"Q1086127":{"pageid":1096879,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1086127","lastrevid":49016110,"modified":"2026-01-06T11:47:55Z","type":"item","id":"Q1086127","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Location problems with costs being sums of powers of Euclidean distances"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3984921"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$1C492840-B8FC-4D30-9EFA-907D66EF8FEB","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"8cb165901fe8d2d1936ea16112204b2361a78288","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Location problems with costs being sums of powers of Euclidean distances","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$225EA4C5-C740-4C8E-A454-185F4A061BE6","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"831b93f560cd76ccefe188ffa3a681a33d39df64","datavalue":{"value":"0608.90018","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$E10BA263-69FC-48E8-8233-02B75707EE7A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7df1b900755f34ac6d9259812486729a1291f473","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0305-0548(84)90017-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$A7424F78-B4D4-457F-BE8F-5E8D55856DD1","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1fa13034550772af1737fa559482809a29486853","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":584913,"id":"Q584913"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$457F03F7-F881-4297-BF6A-190BCD2429A4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e630590c5ca6e787c3c7b5e291898405495fea2b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":162215,"id":"Q162215"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$1302375E-DBEA-4166-A55F-91CAAA4A4F54","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2ee0f220147ae8bc749a64db56839865dbc4f127","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1984-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$1946E6FE-CCB1-4774-8357-348B137C7624","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d7af2ad6892978326bc3b93ebdc148141e4afee6","datavalue":{"value":"The Cooper problem of minimizing the sum of weighted powers of the Euclidean distances is further studied. The practical significance of this problem is that instead of the Weber problem where the weighted sum of the Euclidean distances is minimized, here economies and diseconomies of scale are allowed for, which results in a problem of minimizing the sum of weighted powers of the Euclidean distances. The original Cooper solution has been a modification of the Weiszfeld method for the Weber problem; it can be shown to be a steepest descent method with a step size determined by an expression depending on the weights and distances, which is not optimal in any sense. In the present work, the matter of the best step size to be taken is investigated. It is shown that multiplying the step size given by Cooper by 2/n where n is the power of the Euclidean distances, improves the iterative process substantially. For the cases with \\(n\\geq 1\\) considered by Cooper, namely \\(1\\leq n\\leq 3\\), the number of steps needed to reach a certain termination criterion is reduced. For higher values of n, the original Cooper step size is usually too large and there is no convergence. With the present amended method, the problem can be solved, using an appropriate normalization, even for powers of 100 and more. A semi-intuitive proof for this step size is given as well as numerical examples of solutions with \\(n=1,10\\) and 100. The method can easily be extended to location problems in three (and more) dimensions.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$BE41C616-818F-4684-BB3D-F102BA485F42","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6f87676c65161128847f8e2acd745d50c25801ce","datavalue":{"value":"90B05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$A9C4EB4E-EC3A-42C3-88E7-9ED607E3D8C7","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"43194e7f84d35e8d6d74db743d6154f175a2a15b","datavalue":{"value":"3984921","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$C77AF8C6-7117-4E2F-8C32-73CF9B650EAE","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7dc76359e1b247b8a96b03ef98bc894d41ad211f","datavalue":{"value":"facility location","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$1C2317CE-D064-4097-B614-24872FC97BE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a536c3c47b201cb9ae916b72f5eb3012ab386575","datavalue":{"value":"Cooper problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$84A56F8A-C762-4417-8B29-A775765F882C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c5957cfc7fb7a9290bc8489eb83a0048a9b48fbb","datavalue":{"value":"sum of weighted powers of the Euclidean distances","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$BCE12EA4-9FC2-4E00-92D1-AB63D30EF11D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"60b7a5cd7879e018a9143de96f9d289b742bf719","datavalue":{"value":"Weber problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$C06AA434-C862-419F-A198-63DF753E650F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ea8f26423cc4779e859b6621cce367296d50caf6","datavalue":{"value":"steepest descent method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$0756AA01-F3C0-44A9-AF06-E8E382CB4589","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$AD66AB02-15EB-4FDF-BB1E-872B5BC7A33E","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9217b35a00aba44142706d8e37d78642ede3327e","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(84)90017-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$889CDDBA-097B-406D-A3F3-70D2044A8A66","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"139a183b8570dcf87d1e96a49f980f1116a0eae5","datavalue":{"value":"W2059065119","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$8D719072-2D2F-4099-BEE0-909C188E8246","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c22dc715d2cce40c4c73492a49638c4e9a108375","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1142684,"id":"Q1142684"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$75515D85-8A87-4058-A192-E0292D242EB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e89cfed370499f659550d2a4237504522720dfaa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5767400,"id":"Q5767400"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$42B00FC8-9112-49F2-A677-DA71A5650349","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3654256bcad8bade103e6894be8fb7b8b68dcb55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5574527,"id":"Q5574527"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$593FD49E-0369-4207-BB37-34B56248AEE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3d39517229873a873d9373d89287ffe22d77707c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5578714,"id":"Q5578714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$BA361761-7A94-479C-B212-C24CBC73D78F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6edc69f9c0b2b9eaf62e8dcc92a06aa8fd4509d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5670473,"id":"Q5670473"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$1EDF576E-DB7A-46EC-8B66-DB3514F05E33","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f14086d34a05e6caf6fd13259e5059a3a23ae02c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4042858,"id":"Q4042858"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$E4AF1A3B-5566-4B20-BE6C-23DFC8B1043D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"657e627a41bb7b49eb94949b6631ff084bd978dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4180147,"id":"Q4180147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$49D72952-8044-4692-BAB1-59D3B2AC5127","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9c50ac85a6ae4c767e5e0964d3a9dc71a50a5409","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3208465,"id":"Q3208465"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$D1885958-9DC7-4086-8C66-95635F7AB64E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1b125b7c7dc7553e1b6885af62964a2ed255d318","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3871838,"id":"Q3871838"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$179D55A6-F7AF-47E8-BA4D-91E551F6B746","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"49fb7f52d620c94ded67101acba9d448a80a3a75","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3856442,"id":"Q3856442"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$78121B3D-5583-4835-8955-B938DBF29B07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cc67a0c2c14f37bb467aabcbf52d642e3d13cecd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4170553,"id":"Q4170553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$4C41A25A-2E31-4C27-B3B8-ED8423BD233B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2bd2dd2b1f767e0fb67b61707e618c5802ea223","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1148229,"id":"Q1148229"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$B733BEF7-0029-487D-9C9E-62501C1B3E6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fd24d4e8052563c1e465baa5f879c00eb7e91ebe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3939595,"id":"Q3939595"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$53453F79-B1AE-421F-8C17-FF704E4CBFB6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"24edf4cfee59de1d5ff7f5cf053acac8ce77bac1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3316922,"id":"Q3316922"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$CE498DCE-7122-4ED6-B9D5-5F0D77344155","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6d6b45bae57bdcb9446b3c0dfd6d93808a841e7d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4162972,"id":"Q4162972"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$920DC46E-E81C-4EF7-AABE-BA0EEE2C238B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"493d1c42975a178e55442dca61a61e12ca0bdd06","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1151240,"id":"Q1151240"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$142CEE6E-D4A8-45D0-BFAB-9E9596EF971C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"72085f74705953987a86ba2461e84936cc40f2a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2541105,"id":"Q2541105"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086127$CBFEF89C-3E4D-4253-AA8D-3BC8A26AF863","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2ede668485daa114667ea383679624d5526e9a83","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3796940,"id":"Q3796940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3f9e0581edd3a7349f1698516a2be2ff1efaf59b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7926098704338074","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086127$64BDCDE9-6F70-4301-A57A-659CB58CE677","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1b3dc133bf83c142b61738b62a32dc56afbb3452","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2228419,"id":"Q2228419"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b4b3801deaf389ca193600d284179e786d1dd582","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7869597673416138","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086127$C2A09EFE-AAEA-4D74-9538-258DBC22AE6C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"370db4875854443cd618f8270214bd2b2cc50e6b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5943081,"id":"Q5943081"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f35b2886c5d272aa42d87aa506921090a03cb9a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7737756371498108","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086127$6674EFE2-2205-45A0-9296-6E04BAD6E744","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"db0a14ac1d9ff9988555c4385cb347f09f1d8da8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":689230,"id":"Q689230"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"58e5adc41849e4e58993823459999051fc4a07e2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.773233950138092","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086127$274AB101-BC41-4E04-B50D-B439F2783C1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9955991eba02db08efd9b3a6e4fe8dd7bfcf6254","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":584057,"id":"Q584057"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e58472ba822344f503f41614f92348271f46e9c4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7710466980934143","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086127$927E808B-037F-4B64-801E-24B8EC4455F7","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1086127","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1086127"}}}}}