{"entities":{"Q1086654":{"pageid":1097406,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1086654","lastrevid":77832761,"modified":"2026-05-06T10:09:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q1086654","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On the higher numerical radius and spectral norm"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3985435"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$A5052755-FB6E-4933-8377-266B2A82E5DC","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"044c608d8c72da67994ee37f639e7a4ac2bbb91a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On the higher numerical radius and spectral norm","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$0A21B50B-880F-47D9-B141-13745DF50271","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"062c264b8060b795a6d21b1ebb090eea0480b56d","datavalue":{"value":"0609.15014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$B55898A0-7B81-4840-890C-A5B1B34A166B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9e1da6052fb63abf046a6bde6e149b91f8b39778","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0024-3795(86)90277-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$6DC85203-62A5-4985-96A8-E3D34166ED99","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7f96545b52e7f1ee95f155659f7dc8463d4e2154","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171541,"id":"Q171541"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$C7BA251F-B6D5-4B94-91E4-4ED6F5293E88","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$8092260F-61D7-4370-9B53-2CD2D70B5806","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63df7153432d81fa42019fcabb076c89649b0b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1986-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$17F3AEFE-0E13-410E-85B8-2522A1C4CEA6","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"abbf980676030c90feb49bd0a2f05dc6bf0991cc","datavalue":{"value":"Let A be an \\(n\\times n\\) complex matrix, \\({\\mathcal U}_ n\\) the set of \\(n\\times n\\) unitary matrices, and \\(tr_ m(A)\\) the trace of the upper left \\(m\\times m\\) submatrix of A, \\(1\\leq m\\leq n\\). The author defines the m- numerical radius of A to be \\(r_ m(A)=\\max \\{| tr_ m(UAU^*)|: U\\in {\\mathcal U}_ n\\}\\) and the m-spectral norm as \\(\\| A\\|_ m=\\max \\{| tr_ m(UAV)|: U,V\\in {\\mathcal U}_ n\\}.\\) A main inequality is given along with several consequential results. Thus, let n,p, and m be (non-negative) integers such that \\(n>m+p\\). Then  \\[  (1+\\frac{2p}{\\min \\{m,n-m-p\\}})(\\frac{1}{m+p})r_{n+p}(A)\\geq \\frac{1}{m}r_ m(A).  \\]  Next for \\((x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_ n)\\in {\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\) and \\(1\\leq m<n\\) let \\(| x|_ m=\\max \\{\\sum^{m}_{k=1}| x_{i_ k}|:\\) \\(1\\leq i_ 1<i_ 2<...<i_ m\\leq n\\}\\) and \\(s_ m(x)=\\max \\{| \\sum^{n}_{k=1}x_{i_ k}|:\\) \\(1\\leq i_ 1<i_ 2<...<i_ m\\leq n\\}\\), and finally \\(\\delta (m,n)=\\max_{0\\neq x\\in {\\mathbb{R}}^ n}| x|_ m/s_ m(x)\\). Then the author shows that \\(r_ m(A)\\leq \\| A\\|_ m\\leq 2\\delta (m,n)r_ m(A),\\) and further, if \\(\\nu \\geq 4\\delta^ 2(m,n)\\) then \\(\\nu r_ m(AB)\\leq \\nu r_ m(A)\\nu r_ n(B)\\) for any \\(n\\times n\\) complex matrices A and B. Estimates of \\(\\delta\\) showing \\(\\delta\\) (m,n)\\(\\leq m\\) are also derived.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$668C93E8-37A0-4B72-A520-A98D5D535805","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de015211c641081855981090b49964fceb04e0c6","datavalue":{"value":"15A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$F6A84246-3CAF-476F-8D79-EF42E97642CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4a6c6840ed6ccc38a95b421c87c1ec55f8094382","datavalue":{"value":"15A45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$01B69D2B-66EF-4EB3-9928-239AEC318EE5","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"4168651dab57b0aed5f54ad7013a7870f5c80bd5","datavalue":{"value":"3985435","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$B1568464-352D-4302-A7EF-C9A18EA3F036","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"22d5cd35589dd04d6ccf1e7f1a2fb36833b87b2d","datavalue":{"value":"multiplicativity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$A30851AC-E294-4D21-8165-AC9AE97C118A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bdb96da579b731fb40f9f0fdde411edf1592e020","datavalue":{"value":"m-numerical radius","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$0EDA87B9-FE38-4EED-9F6E-228E8A366EC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e05970560c82605c2df56b72d1f3572635dc97ac","datavalue":{"value":"m-spectral norm","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$29CAD486-FF4E-45CA-A5A6-ED7CE7CDE4DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"806579905f5a2fcb27a9ac34cbd08f75ff5f5d7a","datavalue":{"value":"inequality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$D22EED6C-DBF9-4A02-9FFC-6B29B040DC6A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$0519E94A-B487-46A1-A0AC-4D5E96B32296","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"438b697812ae3f3722f0d14b8a0ca0f8414430ae","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(86)90277-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$E629D26C-86C8-4307-A746-FD9C904B579B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"35719861d066511f53004d87c4c57735ec40b801","datavalue":{"value":"W1995347071","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$1D5ACA1B-891C-4AFE-99B9-F41C39571704","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f3e7eace693a1f1c541dd8d2b43dc43b95fa5e16","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5563411,"id":"Q5563411"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$1E0073E8-C51B-4DBA-BD86-F415DEE3D3D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b475eb8ef14188e63374d1b6674b5dc5227a425b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1239209,"id":"Q1239209"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$3A533E1F-4794-4A11-B6FF-7C9470117786","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a5165ca3d9ccd1bef1ea0c4112d34901463d9611","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1252914,"id":"Q1252914"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$2C77A28C-12DD-41FE-B008-DEEF493C7F47","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e035bd43e0397e8241ac734172bf5f21c80b27b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":594168,"id":"Q594168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$83E737FD-0474-419F-A417-4805D55BA2F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e97dd2bf41ceb14b5f2b4c83c14cc37d003883fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3679331,"id":"Q3679331"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$74E16530-BF4B-434E-AFB6-2D6E2C142357","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c312a421e5a427a6cee97a32e31abe2344692e52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5904415,"id":"Q5904415"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1086654$35E1717C-6410-46BE-B9C6-DD39F5F545F4","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a4a5cfd8681d34e90cefbfd0dfbe3ca7f0939d33","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2497940,"id":"Q2497940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0547a3d0525f3987e6e84316c5ac40157ffc7d92","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8379608988761902","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086654$9C7D7123-5C47-43FA-885D-AF0EC90A4B65","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b771bb8f7ea198441a12c24428c3d61e514d014c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3360327,"id":"Q3360327"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c5644064f911d9a02c13b1b2d4d9b3665ef2778e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.817112386226654","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086654$460D221A-E953-41AA-BAC8-8561172D0AC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"92a94d0e6028bfc4db5f7024d496dbba73d97ec4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3679331,"id":"Q3679331"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9e8ac50d75c2a3adce2e0e3bb2e2a58f3df54129","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.80892413854599","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086654$3548BBED-6FF6-4301-9B29-E46624D475E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"46c485f6e57cff44b0c79f66f68a78f7899f6287","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3786577,"id":"Q3786577"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"424bd8a2bb70db04af976a6fb19570804310a559","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8069554567337036","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086654$81911E78-18A2-490E-BAF8-B885FA06BE3C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eb42c5a494fb4a754bc12924ca18bd3a637af00b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3978379,"id":"Q3978379"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"57735a8bcb650c88eda57e2f63a87b27e5593470","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8042804002761841","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1086654$AEE2FAAB-C5F9-42C4-948E-F05CE8D8355B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On the higher numerical radius and spectral norm","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_the_higher_numerical_radius_and_spectral_norm"}}}}}