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If \\(X\\subset \\Omega\\) is an \\({\\mathfrak A}\\)-atom for \\({\\mathfrak B}\\) of full \\(\\mu\\)-measure (i.e \\(X\\cap {\\mathfrak A}=X\\cap {\\mathfrak B}\\) and \\(\\mu _ *(\\complement X)=0),\\) it is shown that \\(\\nu: \\nu (B)=\\mu ^ *(X\\cap B)\\) defines an extremal point of \\(M({\\mathfrak B};\\mu.)\\) (This is an obvious generalization of a Dirac measure \\(\\delta _ a\\), viz. \\(\\delta _ a=\\mu ^ *(\\{a\\}\\cap \\cdot)\\) for \\(\\mu\\) the trivial probability on the trivial \\(\\sigma\\)-algebra \\({\\mathfrak A}=\\{\\emptyset,\\Omega \\}.)\\) If \\({\\mathfrak B}\\) is a countable extension of \\({\\mathfrak A}\\), each \\(\\nu \\in ex M({\\mathfrak B};\\mu)\\) arises in this way, but in general this is not true. On the other hand it is shown that, in a certain ''dilation'' of the measure space, as constructed in the author's paper in Arch. Math. 43, 434-439 (1984; Zbl 0538.28002), each extremal extension of \\(\\mu\\) is of the above form. By this description it is proved that the set of measures \\(\\mu\\) on \\({\\mathfrak A}\\) admitting extremal extensions generates a band in the vector lattice \\(M({\\mathfrak A})-M({\\mathfrak A})\\) of signed measures. \\({\\mathfrak A}\\)-atoms are also used to construct extremal extensions of a given \\(\\mu\\) on \\({\\mathfrak A}\\) to \\({\\mathfrak B}\\) via extremal extensions to intermediate \\(\\sigma\\)-algebras \\({\\mathfrak B}':\\) \\({\\mathfrak A}\\subset {\\mathfrak B}'\\subset {\\mathfrak 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