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Harmonic morphisms have been characterized as ''horizontally weakly conformal'' harmonic maps by \\textit{B. Fuglede} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 28, No.2, 107-144 (1978; Zbl 0339.53026)] and \\textit{T. Ishihara} [J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 19, 215-229 (1979; Zbl 0421.31006)], and as Brownian path preserving mappings by \\textit{A. Bernard}, \\textit{E. A. Campbell} and \\textit{A. M. Davie} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 29, 207-228 (1979; Zbl 0386.30029)].    Simple examples are (i) any orthogonal projection \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 3\\to {\\mathbb{R}}^ 2\\), (ii) the Hopf map \\(S^ 3\\to S^ 2\\). In this paper we show that these are essentially the only harmonic morphisms from their domains to a Riemann surface, namely we show that (i) any nonconstant harmonic morphism from \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 3\\) to a Riemann surface N is an orthogonal projection \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 3\\to {\\mathbb{R}}^ 2\\) followed by a weakly conformal map of \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 2\\) to N, (ii) any nonconstant harmonic morphism from \\(S^ 3\\) to a Riemann surface N is, after an orthogonal change of coordinates, the Hopf map \\(S^ 3\\to S^ 2\\) followed by a weakly conformal map of \\(S^ 2\\) to N, hence \\(N=S^ 2\\). Since harmonic morphisms from \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 3\\) and \\(S^ 3\\) to manifolds of dimension \\(\\neq 2\\) are easy to determine, these results mean that all harmonic morphisms from \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 3\\) and \\(S^ 3\\) are now known.    The main tool is a Weierstrass type representation theorem for harmonic morphisms from \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 3\\) and \\(S^ 3\\) to surfaces arising from the conformal foliation by fibres which is related to the work of \\textit{C. G. J. Jacobi} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 36, 113-134 (1847)], whose problem we thereby solve 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