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Its purpose is to construct dual couples (S,T) of locally convex topological vector spaces S and T as in the case that S is a space of test functions and \\(T=S'\\) (dual of S) is the corresponding space of generalized functions. Its method relies on operator theory in Hilbert spaces. Let A be a nonnegative self-adjoint (unbounded) operator in a separable Hilbert space X. For every \\(t>0\\), the operator \\(e^{-tA}\\) is bounded with dense range \\(X_ t=e^{-tA}(X)\\) and inverse \\(e^{tA}\\). \\(X_ t\\) gets its own Hilbert space structure such that the one-to-one mapping \\(e^{-tA}:\\) \\(X\\to X_ t\\) be unitary. Let \\(S_{X,A}\\) be the union of the spaces \\(X_ t\\), \\(t>0\\), equipped with the inductive limit topology induced by the Hilbert spaces \\(X_ t\\). \\(S_{X,A}\\) is called the analyticitity space. A trajectory of the semigroup \\((e^{-tA})_{t>0}\\) is a mapping F: (0,\\(\\infty)\\to X\\) such that \\(F(t+s)=e^{-sA}F(t)\\), s, \\(t>0\\). For all \\(t>0\\), \\(F(t)\\in S_{X,A}\\). The trajectory space \\(T_{X,A}\\) is the sense of all such F equipped with the locally convex topology induced by the family of norms \\(\\| F(t)\\|_ X\\), \\(t>0\\). An element x of X is identified with the trajectory \\(t\\mapsto e^{-tA}x\\); so one gets an embedding \\(X\\subset T_{X,A}\\), X dense subspace of \\(T_{X,A}\\). Given \\(u\\in S_{X,A}\\) and \\(F\\in T_{X,A}\\) the inner product \\((e^{tA}u\\), F(t)) in X does not depend on \\(t>0\\) (t small enough so that \\(u\\in e^{- tA}X)\\). The sesquilinear form \\(<u,F>=(e^{tA}u\\), F(t)) is a pairing: each one of the spaces \\(S_{X,A}\\) and \\(T_{X,A}\\) may be identified with the dual of the other. \\(S_{X,A}\\subset X\\subset T_{X,A}\\) is called a Gelfand triple.    Chapters 1, 3 and 4 present the functional analytic theory of such triples: linear topological properties, continuous linear mappings, nuclearity, tensor products, kernel theorems, operator algebras. In Chapter 2 some classical examples of Gelfand triples are discussed: here X is an \\(L^ 2\\)-space and A a differential operator. Chapter 5 gives a mathematical interpretation of Dirac's formalism in quantum mechanics. Bra and ket vectors are considered as elements of suitable trajectory spaces. A more detailed exposition of that matter may be found in the book ''A mathematical introduction to Dirac's formalism'' by the same authors [North-Holland Math. 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