{"entities":{"Q1094568":{"pageid":1105320,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1094568","lastrevid":66950667,"modified":"2026-04-12T13:56:22Z","type":"item","id":"Q1094568","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Integrals of multinomial systems of ordinary differential equations"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4025848"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$206755CD-C0C3-431A-A1F3-43AD9203D890","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"745744d09e7d3690dfdf8dfe3b75a79dac376447","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Integrals of multinomial systems of ordinary differential equations","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$D34236A5-E1AF-4FF2-9B20-7492407C3284","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0f7955cf84b183259607030f3edc30640a0f6854","datavalue":{"value":"0631.34002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$2EC0B93A-914B-484F-8789-20F92555064E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"11f44d42b964bf6242e84addc01746dafc162a9c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-4049(87)90072-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$8D693122-C234-41AA-B14B-F3C955D20D83","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"949f19bdd3a9a052579efa46355b694ae123b13e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1094567,"id":"Q1094567"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$3A9295EC-7449-42D8-80E7-94B52CCEFE3F","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"34a2791b3d9645796ba9cdff19dd05bcf40f0161","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168348,"id":"Q168348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$D5D5ED58-4828-467D-958A-1C3A4EC072BA","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5ae48c61eed19d1e1e1f33f9255d5b329362d064","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1987-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$459A1BFD-328E-43C2-A571-EE519B358135","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3fb4287418f5e244d9d06a40989fc904a1f8ed76","datavalue":{"value":"This paper gives a method for finding algebraic integrals of a system S of ordinary differential equations which can be written as a linear combination of monomials with constant coefficients. Let \\(Y^ H=\\bar H^ n_ 1y^{h_ i}\\) \\((h_ i\\) real or complex), and let S be given by \\(y^ t=y\\sum^{n}_{1}C_ jY^{H_ j}\\), \\(y=(y_ 1,...,y_ n)^ t\\), \\(H_ j=(h_{j1},...,h_{jn})\\), \\(C_ j=(c_{1j},...,c_{nj})^ t\\). The derivative of a monomial \\(Y^ B\\) is given by (1) \\((Y^ B)'=Y^ B\\sum^{n}_{1}(B,C_ j)Y^{H_ j},(B,C_ j)=\\sum^{n}_{1}b_ ig_{ij}.\\) We look for integrals of the form \\(I=\\sum^{q}_{1}e_ iY^{B_ i}\\). If \\(q=1\\), formula (1) shows that \\(Y^{B_ 1}\\) is an integral of S iff \\((B_ 1,C_ j)=0\\), \\(j=1,...,r\\). Thus S has n-s monomial integrals iff rank of \\(C=s\\). For \\(q>1\\) we form \\(p\\times q\\) arrays \\({\\mathcal A}=(A_{ij})\\), \\(A_{ij}\\in {\\mathcal H}U\\emptyset\\), where \\({\\mathcal H}=\\{H_ 1,...,H_ r\\}\\). Let \\({\\mathcal K}_ j=\\{A_{ij}\\}\\), \\(i=1,...,p\\), then \\(H_ a\\) belongs to \\({\\mathcal K}_ j\\) iff \\((B_ j,C_ a)\\neq 0\\). Also, if \\(A_{ij}=H_ a\\), \\(A_{ik}=H_ b\\) then \\(B_ j+H_ a=B_ k+H_ b\\), we denote \\(B_ k-B_ j=H_ j- H_ k\\) by \\(L_{jk}\\). We use the \\(L_{jk}\\) to form the matrix M(\\({\\mathcal A})=(m_{ij})\\), \\(m_{ij}=0\\) if \\(A_{ij}=\\emptyset\\), \\(m_{ij}=(B_ j,C_ a)\\) if \\(A_{ij}=H_ a\\) and \\((B_ j,C_ a)=(L_{gj},C_ a)\\) if \\(H_ a\\not\\in {\\mathcal K}_ g\\). If \\({\\mathcal A}\\) and M(\\({\\mathcal A})\\) satisfy ten conditions (e.g. each row of \\({\\mathcal A}\\) contains at least 2 elements of \\({\\mathcal H}\\), \\((L_{ij},C_ a)=0\\) if \\(H_ a\\not\\in {\\mathcal K}_ i\\cup {\\mathcal K}_ j\\), rank of M(\\({\\mathcal A})\\leq q-1\\), etc.) then an integral of S is obtained by solving for \\(B_ 1\\) the system of linear equations: \\((B_ 1,C_ a)=m_{i1}\\) if \\(H_ a=A_{i1}\\) and \\((B_ 1,C_ a)=0\\) if \\(H_ a\\not\\in {\\mathcal K}_ 1\\), \\((a=1,...,r)\\) and \\(B_ j=B_ 1+L_{1j}\\), \\((j=2,...,q)\\). We solve the system: \\(\\sum^{q}_{1}m_{ij}e_ j=0\\), \\((i=1,...,p)\\), for \\(e_ j\\). Let us apply the method to the case where \\(n=r=3:\\) \\(y_ 1'=y^ 2_ 1y_ 2+2y^ 2_ 1y_ 3-2y_ 1^{-2}y_ 2y_ 3,\\) \\(y_ 2'=\\sqrt{5}y_ 1y^ 2_ 2+4y_ 1y_ 2y_ 3-6y_ 1^{-3}y^ 2_ 2y_ 3,\\) \\(y_ 3'=2y_ 1y_ 2y_ 3+6y_ 1y^ 2_ 3-6y_ 1^{-3}y_ 2y^ 2_ 3.\\) We rewrite this: \\(y'=y(C_ 1Y^{H_ 1}+C_ 2Y^{H_ 2}+C_ 3Y^{H_ 3})\\) where \\(H_ 1=(1,1,0)\\), \\(H_ 2=(1,0,1)\\), \\(H_ 3=(- 3,1,1)\\), \\(C_ 1=(1,\\sqrt{5},2)^ t\\), \\(C_ 2(2,4,6)^ t\\), \\(C_ 3=(- 2,-6,-6)^ t\\). There are 3 possible \\(1\\times 2\\) and one \\(2\\times 2\\) arrays. The array \\({\\mathcal A}=(H_ 1H_ 2)\\), M(\\({\\mathcal A})=(L_{21},C_ 1)\\) \\((L_{12},C_ 2))=(2-\\sqrt{5}-2)\\) satisfies all the conditions. Solving, \\((B_ 1,C_ 1)=2-\\sqrt{5}\\), \\((B_ 1,C_ 2)=0\\), \\((B_ 1,C_ 3)=0\\), yields \\(B_ 1=(6-3\\sqrt{5},0,\\sqrt{5}-2)\\), \\(B_ 2=B_ 1+L_{12}=(6-3\\sqrt{5},1,\\sqrt{5}-3)\\), \\(e_ 1=2\\), \\(e_ 2=2-\\sqrt{5}\\). Thus,  \\[  I_ 1=e_ 1Y^{B_ 1}+e_ 2Y^{B_ 2}=2y_ 1^{6- 3\\sqrt{5}}y_ 3^{\\sqrt{5}-2}+(2-\\sqrt{5})y_ 1^{6-3\\sqrt{5}}y_ 2y_ 3^{\\sqrt{5}-3}.  \\]  Since \\(H_ 1,H_ 2,H_ 3\\) are linearly independent, there are only four \\(2\\times 3\\) and one \\(3\\times 3\\) possible arrays and of these the only arrays which satisfy all the conditions are:  \\[  {\\mathcal A}_ 2=\\left( \\begin{matrix} H_ 1H_ 2\\emptyset \\\\ \\emptyset H_ 1H_ 2\\end{matrix} \\right)\\quad M({\\mathcal A}_ 2)=\\left( \\begin{matrix} 2- \\sqrt{5},-2,0\\\\ 0,2-\\sqrt{5},-2\\end{matrix} \\right),\\quad {\\mathcal A}_ 3=\\left( \\begin{matrix} H_ 2H_ 2\\emptyset \\\\ \\emptyset H_ 1H_ 3\\end{matrix} \\right)\\quad M({\\mathcal A}_ 3)=\\left( \\begin{matrix} -\\sqrt{5},- 2,0'\\\\ 0,-2,-2\\end{matrix} \\right).  \\]  The integral corresponding to \\({\\mathcal A}_ 2\\) is \\(I_ 2=I^ 2_ 1\\), while the integral corresponding to \\({\\mathcal A}_ 3\\) is: \\(I_ 3=e_ 1Y^{B_ 1}+e_ 2Y^{B_ 2}+e_ 3Y^{B_ 3}=2y_ 1^{-3\\sqrt{5}}y_ 3^{\\sqrt{5}}-\\sqrt{5}y_ 1^{-3\\sqrt{5}}y_ 2y_ 3^{\\sqrt{5}-1}+\\sqrt{5}y_ 1^{4- 3\\sqrt{5}}y_ 2y_ 3^{\\sqrt{5}-2}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$8F8184A3-6DA7-4870-ADDC-87562066AE68","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0f0783a8eec0981fa057cbb8a132524497e71a6b","datavalue":{"value":"34A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$C92A54A9-A79F-41D7-97A5-4DEB6288D2D1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5cf9a8f80148a242e7c559c15de3a4b726d20f84","datavalue":{"value":"4025848","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$471ED99F-75B1-4547-A43C-43B2AF66D668","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c5b1aece7573f35c2186255d9acb3ddef645c398","datavalue":{"value":"integral array","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$CBFA33B7-6C29-496E-B41D-44041D569F66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"689c6679b07f96a84b9a49fe23d381a347dafae2","datavalue":{"value":"Hamiltonians","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$05023176-7AA5-41B4-896B-707E242A0087","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0164be4a60f3ccd91c576203f2d9efa4efe99acf","datavalue":{"value":"algebraic integrals","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$C769DD20-F27A-4AB0-A55E-C24749BF769E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$3BE74A92-3DC1-41C9-A634-80AD113DD9CD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"d39c8cec292042f9aed353ffcb5f2c38ef9ff9ae","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4049(87)90072-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$AACE49F4-82AF-4127-8E57-186683A056F1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"374159b8e2234ab74392729e29121376a480348e","datavalue":{"value":"W2019265351","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$6EDF98DE-3514-4FEE-AE80-043B6E515BA9","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0bcdec50ba78f3352a5718503f286d84df0a7320","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5803187,"id":"Q5803187"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094568$262251A3-85E3-413E-9AE8-A7368DF6932A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"772cfd5b66fe2d87a7ba7180326d9b0bb54b729c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1070778,"id":"Q1070778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b92b3e54a9779340a3dcf46f115b7d3641555571","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7823304533958435","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094568$3F537689-0E8F-4760-A782-44083507BAD8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"55e2af31d11c10f867df6e92d806234bf46ac06b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1821816,"id":"Q1821816"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fd230e5b10693caf85cdbb732627def14d47d9ae","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7817612290382385","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094568$767BAAC9-26AA-43F0-963D-B972A5E83536","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9705fd40b2b7e93dd0294143b80690371efac8d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4702616,"id":"Q4702616"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3c29b548f47a9cc73ff3cdd4d6f55f0eec5d55ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7778317928314209","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094568$3CFC3AA8-8F70-42DE-8EFF-110ADC1B88E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d09bd2fc57bc0a79471561325a9bf82efb68db35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4227688,"id":"Q4227688"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bbaf7720cd6a3920115e0c0fbfff1c4364245b9e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7773274183273315","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094568$F17D866F-FF7C-4DD9-B06D-0D2C163C1BA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f3d48c4a7b9fc6c967ce88d2e44c51a784e240d3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3482057,"id":"Q3482057"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f50c28d0e63b987b65b5071c49dcc600abbce13c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7771782875061035","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094568$B064E93A-7C28-4237-A93D-0B5DC08A9E55","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Integrals of multinomial systems of ordinary differential equations","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Integrals_of_multinomial_systems_of_ordinary_differential_equations"}}}}}