{"entities":{"Q1094855":{"pageid":1105607,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1094855","lastrevid":66711951,"modified":"2026-04-12T12:19:18Z","type":"item","id":"Q1094855","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Offsetting operations in solid modelling"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4026780"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$EDF65C48-FF90-45EE-9442-BD29B1E4732E","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"b8baca35d3e8682f373a41d72f9158abd1ddce69","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Offsetting operations in solid modelling","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$2B433834-D93C-43A5-8744-56190082E39A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"521b8a2e9dcf2fef491fd2382e77170ffbc28b5e","datavalue":{"value":"0631.65144","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$B7EFAAF1-7D0D-4B43-8A64-8E7B9772E25C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"3181e010b20ea1f33e5e9236506fa6d20381128b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0167-8396(86)90017-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$44B4F389-119A-447C-BDEB-0C2D3A9B0A64","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5ce82c317fa6b946b4d97de6b9f61153cc30025c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1094854,"id":"Q1094854"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$77405836-9F07-4633-8494-ACEDA34D3B46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"08a26cf7a587df7534de076059ea7041ffd6bbd3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":802303,"id":"Q802303"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$C87C8401-BE32-487E-B9E1-AD0C8E3A4BDD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"74517436dc4e272360411c2669c6089f3555dc3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181312,"id":"Q181312"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$5CE81805-9609-49EC-B93A-33BFBF38A8E1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63df7153432d81fa42019fcabb076c89649b0b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1986-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$D6911A50-58F4-4412-B8DA-D0067C56CDA6","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"31ead34369ebca3ced557c6620f32fac05c0f804","datavalue":{"value":"http://hdl.handle.net/1802/26373","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$14D12474-8668-4E35-96E4-DE359A66813D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a989b559e36445039f8b5b1de7e3ac27a7bab861","datavalue":{"value":"Let X be a bounded set in \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\) \\((n=2,3)\\). The positive r-offset Y of X is defined as \\(Y=\\{p\\in {\\mathbb{R}}^ n:\\exists q\\in X\\), \\(\\| p- q\\| \\leq r\\}\\). The authors study this and other related operations in a framework of computer graphics applications. Their ``primary goal is to ensure that offset solids are treated like other solids in the modeller, i.e. that they can be displayed, combined by Boolean operations, further offset and so forth''. The main difficulty in achieving this goal is the boundary evaluation for resulting solids. To overcome this difficulty the authors introduce an extended version of CSG (constructive solid geometry) [cf. the second author, Representations of rigid solids: theory, methods and systems, ACM Comput. Surv. 12, 437-464 (1980)]. The paper contains a description of the implementation of the resulting experimental solid modelling system.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$956349C0-A8E0-4BBD-9A13-931AB43585A8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4c327af07e7ea91f26fab8c5d0792870e77a4a64","datavalue":{"value":"65S05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$3F04CED7-CA0C-4CF8-9360-BD37DA35B87E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2afc8b14470e661c10725547661d94fa1583b792","datavalue":{"value":"65D15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$76DCC59B-0CE1-475A-A036-118D9736EB66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e45d27d97a895c48b91852a118ac434d0f4f3079","datavalue":{"value":"65Yxx","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$CA5A16B7-A3F2-4B46-AB8E-0A58002A336A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2537c8eda8fd9c8bf8aaf5e36a2f684e2bb8e905","datavalue":{"value":"53A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$572903D8-809A-4485-A403-E8E70DD0ADDC","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a5bc402e43552ec1b64cc3342ec9266f17802b07","datavalue":{"value":"4026780","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$F98C93B9-18EE-4935-8572-A79D2E7BEF4F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9022f2e942d174d53a17513fe4082db51e9769cd","datavalue":{"value":"offsets","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$416E6155-3DF8-4E25-B005-D7A2022C16A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"96b85234a4088d208056ca17e9813378a6ff0b75","datavalue":{"value":"curves","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$8D359BD8-C8C9-4001-A453-4E41D2A73641","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"82e10b106979077ac626034ec385c48041ecfb89","datavalue":{"value":"surfaces","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$8E0C347F-2153-41C9-8BAE-0CE67711E7B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dc88a85eafc98bb9677b264fb73e786eec79ad85","datavalue":{"value":"approximations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$216576E6-CA0B-4E13-998D-69586161C224","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"551d108313cfab3a77b395a647aede7021169ebd","datavalue":{"value":"computational geometry","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$C0A7E0C7-965C-4CDC-9F32-2E12E1E31948","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"423372722ffce52d92ff0a29cab429fa342d34e2","datavalue":{"value":"computer graphics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$200CD095-F9DB-400C-A8B2-7A7FEBCCD043","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6a863a6721b2cda3059f2aada4909a1f030ae776","datavalue":{"value":"computer graphics applications","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$8F08B34A-C153-45CE-9946-7627D8DFA7A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e32c5d5c8d3bf67c487616f6e90e91a95ad763a6","datavalue":{"value":"boundary evaluation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$C69FD4C3-73AD-4454-933A-CABADE96DECE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"eeecdb3f9815b7ed98bae5f3d635e19ba798f259","datavalue":{"value":"constructive solid geometry","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$157328A8-B0C4-44AC-B1C2-AF85A9E79748","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"be19d0e7b8e686b7d81566b94ae72fe77c13f5a3","datavalue":{"value":"experimental solid modelling system","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$27300BAD-7847-487D-8370-C7E613FF4DBF","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$0E26E5F5-3A21-4658-91B4-E81DB16072F8","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"cb70b3a3d8d02ced8c8b8c8386e1a0a8ad4e9105","datavalue":{"value":"W1965045116","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$1F8123FD-E986-4BA3-9126-E595BE1322F7","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35a2637fd76ea9197580cada527aa21307e036a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4866732,"id":"Q4866732"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$25A2FE29-4695-4337-8E26-5A0ED61BE2E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"771955594b18d875825f699a7e3e716aa2a5c55d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4178157,"id":"Q4178157"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$147DAE28-C6E4-4866-AE48-CD5D25FECC9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"541b4e0308492e1027dbbb886173015e67738c09","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4084463,"id":"Q4084463"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$4C2DF05F-EE74-448D-BD4D-5EAD53BE8C5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f2de0b6876c6d341a3620557e795ccccbab3bb27","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5721681,"id":"Q5721681"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$8DCF96D9-AE3C-4E74-A01C-9FA5991D02C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7bd6daea69b1a61f365df9802d58e74ee4af9ae8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3869981,"id":"Q3869981"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$EDE32296-D3BD-452E-96D8-B5CDA162A22B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"94f5226260c0faad265e3ee23bd28c875e30857a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4776831,"id":"Q4776831"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$8B367784-AC21-4A99-A796-99B14787596C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3600d4c8692a3a8f1c3fdd2e37d428cf126c14cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1094855,"id":"Q1094855"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$F53FC6A4-5CA6-492A-8F05-01F6F6BC2BE5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2fbf405dfc7af64a8b212aa0dd2cfc54ec1d2c6e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3680652,"id":"Q3680652"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$6FC31513-70DD-4A11-8426-F2C7BE5447B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"23877978f0ce7bbee873401b39ce0ebd31a05f11","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":802305,"id":"Q802305"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$0670A547-EAB0-4966-81F6-0066036F3A96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"88a26e49ffe6d290e6feeabddb6d9023098d7136","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3258642,"id":"Q3258642"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1094855$4CF2142B-9430-40C0-B335-A919A116FADC","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e70873518e6ca34ce7a7964167851fac45c9d972","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1110243,"id":"Q1110243"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ef973b0471202fcb4b73174e9ef49d584bf13ceb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8564357757568359","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094855$A6B33978-B91F-440D-929B-702B890FA7BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"32b113ffd7cbe9083a5f026e399eb8ea80965e28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1069291,"id":"Q1069291"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7a64eafc7f857459fd700389fbc2f461e6ce3100","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8556410670280457","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094855$BC816A15-9A26-4261-9FDA-6952BA192DE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f71935c7a73841d170d2fb691e13cde15f5b54f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2702025,"id":"Q2702025"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"781132b96485a7f3f51a25f6e4cb89b32ffae8ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.820735514163971","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094855$42654BE8-4908-4A14-9AA8-43D5C44E060B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c9b393e3f7cf8bc60bd1ae9f121da0d33dc00898","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1401751,"id":"Q1401751"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"92d8104ccff9f7ff3576d3ec92ef361b9fd17d61","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7793579697608948","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094855$2323FB36-04B9-4221-A7F5-FFC3DED6FEE8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"49fd1b6a227fb2e3a7d70460e025559fc3d7371a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1401749,"id":"Q1401749"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"030409457283d54dad5118d48834846a8554a3e3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7650527954101562","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1094855$2D9B0DE4-C742-4F4C-A3C2-544C1F2ED385","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Offsetting operations in solid modelling","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Offsetting_operations_in_solid_modelling"}}}}}