{"entities":{"Q1097485":{"pageid":1108237,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1097485","lastrevid":69634257,"modified":"2026-04-13T08:21:02Z","type":"item","id":"Q1097485","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Approximate solutions of problems involving normal operators"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4034445"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$CA8139AD-B5B2-4BE6-8E7E-DD78364E067F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"b7f1a08c620a9db15c59d6b91ad36c80e6e65815","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Approximate solutions of problems involving normal operators","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$7BBDED3F-DE6C-40A2-9911-3AD6270DBAA6","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"bc3d1c619bee2d38b64636cf7ad4fade17f984af","datavalue":{"value":"0635.47009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$51D9D27B-284A-4736-9D5B-2D1A7EC94338","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"507836663ed35ecbe5ca30d5ca921b4a3752325b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-247X(87)90086-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$7B1FDC1F-59A4-43C0-9369-45C619F560DA","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"83acb26c132edffe3503227fdedd09777c685939","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1060191,"id":"Q1060191"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$97A1E0CE-25A9-4931-95FE-3AAD6429F0DB","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c5ad7b9baf8e531c6b1ad954eb5f2899cc8fe5e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85344,"id":"Q85344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$D4B591D2-86E1-4AB7-AA3D-8CA9E701FE3E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5ae48c61eed19d1e1e1f33f9255d5b329362d064","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1987-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$787558E1-8B44-477B-9399-12AB7F77F50D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"355ee825871ae4dbf6b0850ddcb390c16b22d486","datavalue":{"value":"The paper deals with approximate solutions of problems with an operator realization of the form \\(Tu=f\\in H\\) where H is a Hilbert space and T is an unbounded normal operator. In case T has the form \\(\\lambda\\) I-A with A a bounded operator of sufficiently small norm, then usual approximation procedures involve a polynomial of powers of A. When A is unbounded then the spectrum of A becomes unbounded. However, if the spectral theorem can be applied to A, then under certain restrictions the spectrum of \\(T^{- 1}\\) and \\(A^{-1}\\) both become bounded. This fact is used as a basis for devising an approximation procedure based on a polynomial of powers of \\(A^{-1}\\). The method presented in this paper can be used for approximation of more general operators than its inverse in terms of more easily computable functions, leading to a priori error estimates. Particular results are derived for resolvents and semigroups in terms of resolvents.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$319F6EE8-7978-473E-B88C-C37A534E88BA","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"fe074b3a0ece9f4b37936760e8f8dad38a297e6e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1091097,"id":"Q1091097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$14881318-B1E2-4ADB-86EC-4507CC5695A0","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8d4dd90cd2f13b7f1c6a36290a5708de76abb764","datavalue":{"value":"47A50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$1F6438FF-BCCA-4D06-83FB-EB86ABD76BBC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"56cb628f65395dfa34fd3d28d27ba37f3e94cec7","datavalue":{"value":"47A10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$2F1F1498-FD1F-4F3E-804D-0AE4A8DE971E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b0796c674e9ec5ecd29d9025d70a26ba5d545f34","datavalue":{"value":"65J10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$A2CC8369-40F8-4742-9CCD-7856CAACF25E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c822a1b2dab72aeb2cbb222d5431c9356c4ca2d0","datavalue":{"value":"47B15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$2ED6EB31-F84D-4238-98F8-3F1349973F2D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"4f160ee388ca76207fcc457754fd47d5ac1ed22e","datavalue":{"value":"4034445","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$5B591D0D-EACE-4C51-A521-416D12701D58","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8205005c0975ece57da73400ce9be01687bc47fd","datavalue":{"value":"approximate solutions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$FA5D9745-48BC-4B4A-8812-5204C30EE42D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b3a1309a093cf32871f2a7140730441f71448ca4","datavalue":{"value":"unbounded normal operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$73826C84-E3FD-4FD4-823B-213279D201AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"73034867cd6f9ba0a8e7796b0b9340221759456e","datavalue":{"value":"a priori error estimates","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$F554CF4B-2BBF-41B9-A20F-B96E646C7F4E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"37b57984955ed17b77cf34826089801b2b7bb63b","datavalue":{"value":"resolvents","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$00C151E4-D297-447D-BA20-8E3FB0FD8ACF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fcf2ec45b56911a8bbac4fb9d1dc61ba4b57469c","datavalue":{"value":"semigroups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$49DC9B1B-ACF7-4636-A30D-652DD426973B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$71213BBB-6ADD-4063-B216-30B4162EA514","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"14dd6afc9aa94b2a720c78f0dd14c82ff0e29327","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3675033,"id":"Q3675033"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$FB2CE60F-365A-47F3-8136-816734CF5F19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aaa3a67ec25977c8f79371234c94bb668f3c1757","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3961201,"id":"Q3961201"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$83A8AE5D-23CA-46E5-AAA3-5376A6849C64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ceb18bf7f6615d44ea60d59cc4fcb4352a70e970","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3661970,"id":"Q3661970"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$46E45BA0-56BF-4779-A78D-3E5DD15A81FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d6790a9d6fe200bb7fc9eaaadd01f1b6cb652097","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1232635,"id":"Q1232635"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$A01CCAC6-1F9E-4285-AAB6-CCB793934A27","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e57bf8e6950b827bf9cfc842e8bc91d8b1fe0f41","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4726911,"id":"Q4726911"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$785F3D14-0F88-42CC-8844-E49E5B326F5E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ad693782bddfd941040fb36590d5fc58eb816810","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2526422,"id":"Q2526422"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$06136D99-5917-47D2-AA98-CDD56DE31AEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1b6fa7ccdb170df7ff3483e6671c6771f86588dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2537678,"id":"Q2537678"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$659FCB78-2EDC-46A5-828B-372E88BD470A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2560373e88e98cb8f5b9f3d3d66c2f8cfbd2f378","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5667036,"id":"Q5667036"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$E7546188-DBE3-4298-8B77-6DC717DD3A62","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fcf44947b06d2ddce3a5ec3f982db478ce1851ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3284129,"id":"Q3284129"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$9AFF9ADE-5FA8-485E-BBB5-5F645A15DFA3","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a7dfc0087c58e89bef29f6b26b40a23b5b69dcb9","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247x(87)90086-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$13596200-1A5B-468C-9769-4C2CCB8E191F","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1b15ecf09583e9ccbd4fb3de902f53af83a66ef8","datavalue":{"value":"W2073715840","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1097485$9C9C9EEB-AB63-45EA-881F-7784D9954352","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eb717bae8c663cd272e9ce5f97d309454fe3bc4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1941776,"id":"Q1941776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"20fb0df184d86871db3f0dc172c8f8245eb822f8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8141158819198608","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1097485$8526300D-1329-4BED-AF89-34FC4BEFB281","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2b9fa786f54e2106f3de3839275c59c137761b2c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":466156,"id":"Q466156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c76b90a67b1d61f3bfcfb87f888891e3c273985d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8136919140815735","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1097485$6C9FBBC6-6BE8-4E37-BD8F-77B6D7BF7CD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c296ecfe8c713a8fc9b414f9c97a770aac087622","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3993997,"id":"Q3993997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7c1c335f979a901959ce7c93ad4b5847cbd2b57d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8035224676132202","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1097485$A9B35DB6-40A7-4D2D-B0FE-8BD102F3FC8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2eb6d0ab13fb2a22c48bc66d85ee759da70db15e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2740295,"id":"Q2740295"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5769cf7f84f3e3061928c33584c87c1a35b2566b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7913855910301208","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1097485$A084FB7C-5A4B-4C2F-9545-9D348083E0AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b2352d39121e88a2fad951ef6bfb7cc5cac6af94","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4726911,"id":"Q4726911"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"943a972c6e9a9bdc2b98b11b8d6aed9d0bce0340","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7909945845603943","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1097485$0F769BB9-B41D-4AE3-82F2-185A268C92FF","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Approximate solutions of problems involving normal operators","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Approximate_solutions_of_problems_involving_normal_operators"}}}}}