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The question raised by L. Nirenberg is: which function K can be prescribed so that (1.1) has a solution? An obvious necessary condition is given by the Gauss-Bonnet theorem implying that K must be positive somewhere. Some further necessary condition has been noted by Kazdan-Warner [\\textit{J. Kazdan} and \\textit{F. Warner}, Ann. Math., II. Ser. 99, 14-47 (1974; Zbl 0273.53034)]. For each eigenfunction \\(x_ j\\) with \\(\\Delta x_ j+2x_ j=0\\) \\((j=1,2,3)\\), the Kazdan-Warner condition states that  \\[  (1.3)\\quad \\int_{S^ 2}<\\nabla K,\\quad \\nabla x_ j>\\quad e^{2u} d\\mu =0\\quad j=1,2,3.  \\]  Thus functions of the form \\(K=\\psi \\circ x_ j\\) where \\(\\psi\\) is any monotonic function defined on [-1,1] do not admit solutions. When K is an even function on S 2, (1.1) was interpreted as some Euler equation by \\textit{J. Moser} [On a nonlinear problem in differential geometry, Dyn. Syst., Proc. Sympos. Univ. Bahia, Salvador 1971, 273-280 (1973; Zbl 0275.53027).    In a previous paper on the subject, we gave the corresponding version of Moser's result for those K satisfying a reflection symmetry about some plane (e.g. \\(K(x_ 1,x_ 2,x_ 3)=K(x_ 1,x_ 2,-x_ 3))\\) [\\textit{J. Moser}, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 20, 1077-1092 (1971; Zbl 0203.437)]. In this paper, we give two sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to the equation (1.1). The first is an attempt to generalize Moser's result:    Theorem 1. Let K be a smooth positive function with two nondegenerate local maxima located at the north and south poles N, S. Let \\(\\phi_ t\\) be the one-parameter group of conformal transformations given in terms of stereographic complex coordinates (with \\(z=\\infty\\) corresponding to N and \\(z=0\\) corresponding to S) by \\(\\phi_ t(z)=tz\\), \\(0<t<\\infty\\). Assume  \\[  (1.6)\\quad \\inf_{0<t<\\infty}\\frac{1}{4\\pi}\\int_{S^ 2}K\\circ \\phi_ t d\\mu \\quad >\\quad \\max \\{K(Q)| \\quad \\nabla K(Q)=0,\\quad Q\\neq N,S\\})  \\]  then (1.1) admits a solution.    Theorem 2. Let K be a positive smooth function with only nondegenerate critical points, and in addition \\(\\nabla K(Q)\\neq 0\\) where Q is any critical point. Suppose there are at least two local maximum points of K, and at all saddle points of K, \\(\\nabla K(Q)>0\\), then K admits a solution to the equation (1.1).    Based on the analysis of this present paper, we know the precise behavior of concentration near the saddle points of K where \\(\\nabla K(Q)<0\\). A stronger version of Theorem 2 has appeared in a separate article [``Conformal deformation of metrics on S 2'', Differ. 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