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The paper is concerned with the existence of periodic solutions of the Hamiltonian system of differential equations \\((HS)\\quad \\dot x=JH'(x)\\) on a prescribed energy surface \\(S=H^{-1}(1)\\). Such solutions are called brake orbits if p(t) is odd and q(t) is even in t. Suppose that H satisfies the following conditions: (i) \\(H(- p,q)=H(p,q)\\); (ii) The set \\(\\{x\\in {\\mathbb{R}}^{2N}:\\) H(x)\\(\\leq 1\\}\\) is compact, star-shaped with respect to the origin, and S is its boundary; (iii) \\(x\\cdot H'(x)\\neq 0\\) for all \\(x\\in S\\). Let R be the smallest number for which \\(| x| \\in {\\mathbb{R}}\\) for all \\(x\\in S\\) and \\(\\rho\\) the largest number such that no tangent hyperplane to S intersects the ball \\(| x| <\\rho\\). The main result of the paper asserts that if \\(R^ 2<2\\rho ^ 2\\), then (HS) has at least N geometrically distinct brake orbits on S.    For the proof the problem is reduced (in a standard way) to the one of finding critical points of the action functional on a manifold. In contrast to the usual situation, this functional is only partially \\(({\\mathbb{Z}}_ 2\\)-) symmetric in the space considered. In order to obtain multiple critical points, we construct a new relative index which is a variant of the one introduced by \\textit{H. Berestycki}, \\textit{J.-M. Lasry}, \\textit{G. Mancini} and \\textit{B. Ruf} in the paper [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 38, 253-289 (1985; Zbl 0542.58029)]. A special feature of our index is a strong dimension property (roughly speaking, it asserts that there exist sets of arbitrarily large index which are unbounded and radially homeomorphic to the unit 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