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It contains a lot of information on the topics mentioned in the title, and it deserves to be read by everyone.    Call a poset P stationarity preserving if \\(\\Vdash_ P\\) ``S is stationary'' whenever \\(S\\subseteq \\omega_ 1\\) is stationary. It is shown that if P is not stationarity preserving then there are \\(\\omega_ 1\\) dense subsets of P such that no filter on P meets them all. Thus the following statement is basically the best one can hope for when one tries to generalize Martin's Axiom:    Martin's Maximum: whenever P is a stationarity preserving poset and \\({\\mathcal D}\\) is a collection of \\(\\omega_ 1\\) dense sets in P there is a filter G on P intersecting every \\(D\\in {\\mathcal D}.\\)    The authors show Martin's Maximum consistent using a supercompact cardinal. They then go on to point out several consequences of Martin's Maximum such as: \\(2^{\\aleph_ 0}=\\aleph_ 2\\) (which to this reviewer's knowledge is not known to follow from the Proper Forcing Axiom), if \\(\\kappa \\geq \\omega_ 2\\) is regular and \\(A\\subseteq \\{\\delta <\\kappa:\\) \\(cf(\\delta)=\\omega \\}\\) is stationary then A contains a closed copy of \\(\\omega_ 1\\), the nonstationary ideal on \\(\\omega_ 1\\) is \\(\\aleph_ 2\\)-saturated (even after forcing with a ccc poset) and precipitous, and the Chang conjecture.    After a short section on versions of Martin's Maximum which are consistent with CH the authors generalize their work to higher cardinals to obtain results on the precipitousness of nonstationary ideals. A remarkable result is the following: relative to a supercompact cardinal it is consistent that on every regular cardinal the nonstationary ideal is precipitous.    Remarks: 1. The authors show Martin's Maximum consistent by showing the following consistent: the Semi-Proper Forcing Axiom plus ``every stationarity preserving poset is \\(\\aleph_ 1\\)-semi-proper''. In J. Symb. Logic 52, 360-367 (1987; Zbl 0625.03035), \\textit{S. Shelah} showed that the Semi-Proper Forcing Axiom actually implies Martin's Maximum. Thus, as \\(\\aleph_ 1\\)-semi-proper posets are stationarity preserving, Martin's Maximum and the Semi-Proper Forcing Axiom are equivalent. 2. Part II - devoted mainly to ultrafilters - has since appeared: ibid. 127, 521-545 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