{"entities":{"Q1104076":{"pageid":1114828,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1104076","lastrevid":49176769,"modified":"2026-01-06T17:22:50Z","type":"item","id":"Q1104076","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Trace, failure and testing equivalences for communicating processes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4055019"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$6B468C29-77B1-45FD-9169-B6A86203A698","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"b471c6acf0d277c38517451a6059813d2f681fc7","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Trace, failure and testing equivalences for communicating processes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$1AECB50B-A884-4FE2-935F-D310C2604DBB","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8b906a3a9d4030f8e24ab403261ac89c52586d4d","datavalue":{"value":"0646.68033","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$3945B7F4-532C-4803-8E42-FAD966CEDF46","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f76ec6885c895af0407b0631b18d530717bd44ca","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01407903","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$6465A744-B7E4-471A-B565-BB1114BE01D5","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"a32831c4e3f60d79ea2f79afb884ef69e4c8191c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":199286,"id":"Q199286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$7A08D390-2C69-423C-BC0A-42C4F3B94D23","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5ae48c61eed19d1e1e1f33f9255d5b329362d064","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1987-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$B496A152-34CE-4B85-8EF9-FB2C5C511991","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7a105897b5e2a3956b661170473397b0b91a2657","datavalue":{"value":"A basic question in the theory of communicating processes is ``When should two processes be considered equivalent ?''. Attempts to answer this question have led to the concepts of observation equivalence, bisimulations, testing equivalence, failure equivalence, etc. The main point of this paper is to increase the understanding and motivation for two of these equivalences, namely failure and testing equivalences. The approach starts with the idea that the equivalence of processes should be reducible to the visible sequences of actions which a process performs in various contexts.    This idea is implemented by a string-based semantic order for communicating processes where divergence is catastrophic. Under some assumptions about contexts, the resulting semantics is shown to be equivalent to the improved failure semantics of \\textit{S. D. Brookes} and \\textit{A. W. Roscoe} [Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 197, 281-305 (1985; Zbl 0565.68023)] and also to the must testing-semantics of \\textit{M. C. B. Hennessy} [Inf. Control 59, 36-83 (1983; Zbl 0544.68028)] and \\textit{M. C. B. Hennessy} and \\textit{R. De Nicola} [Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 154, 548- 560 (1983; Zbl 0515.68029)]. This characterization gives independent support for the appropriateness of failures and testing.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$C84534CA-1EC7-4BC2-A540-23D42AE44214","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ec3769495799f08479987ac368adf64f125a2b66","datavalue":{"value":"68N25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$D12B3B8E-9AC6-47ED-8C69-900C4A39D342","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7cfff2e3b7f009b69ae82e4aa296ae1902bd02ff","datavalue":{"value":"68Q60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$D03DC7A4-1F57-4F0D-A0DE-54F53A72008F","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5f988a07ea18dd98b9c9c9a0f1389e6de14df9bb","datavalue":{"value":"4055019","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$C147CB9F-9191-4BD8-A0F2-051209CB726B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bb30f6fb39388d1fb612150f5e69372740c7cc58","datavalue":{"value":"communicating processes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$41857091-883B-4D79-9226-0A475584DF90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f3c2df63089c44ddfde3f68de7ad38c837b83632","datavalue":{"value":"testing equivalence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$34DC18FE-ED88-4C91-BE1B-E01C0AC82B9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7c02085c9225090667e1a40d036eec69f14295ac","datavalue":{"value":"failure equivalence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$0C1B8050-7E1F-423C-B427-4AD5BEEA6B00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"34a1f22242a84a7f0dd7ad2cd339e540fb9b0822","datavalue":{"value":"string-based semantic order","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$686B0503-9D91-451B-B984-E97E01FEDC55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5d966bb9f77dfa7b7b728244a5d9d1681e74227e","datavalue":{"value":"improved failure semantics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$F49E13A7-7355-4BBC-8D93-41476FEAF895","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"836e7773d108e1b7b2bd454b8907f97b37962107","datavalue":{"value":"must testing- semantics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$2DF932D5-E72B-4884-B95C-CCFDA35CE0B1","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d9b92846e05a0c6152ce5e20d2de62f36e48ff42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":685426,"id":"Q685426"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$C2D6087E-973A-47FC-AEE9-6A7C4B6EA81A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$66D5F91E-4957-42C8-AAC4-CEB5D2B43F3E","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a0a92e978c8b48f108b205a3d54181e292f77f2c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3680258,"id":"Q3680258"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$EE468832-5927-4633-8DF5-E1322FBB15D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0e5963ea28037dec9fe662323c70cab231400aeb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3334070,"id":"Q3334070"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$EC9DBD59-1ECA-4AD4-A871-493150CF1ABF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1265d63b4599a3fae507d9b15943296bbefa977b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4066568,"id":"Q4066568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$491B3FC8-FA43-4B36-ADA9-D6976D45AAEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9cf91379516875102cbd34cc81bf4325eee6d826","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1251475,"id":"Q1251475"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$E4C07998-8389-4955-97D5-B10D792A3C55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"66d453453c957b533e539fd376712f76699f2584","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3666247,"id":"Q3666247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$19230D27-E945-45E2-814E-14004E1B2E7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"098358cb568c6c547d13ee0ec69c3f29140fbb1b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3664417,"id":"Q3664417"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$B3D47C55-5A24-4CC6-9F5A-A92FF1D2F3C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e764bcaa3f10a7885ad757dc5e688d591a1fc064","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3719813,"id":"Q3719813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$7711E1D4-FAC0-4354-9494-3DB75B55588A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf2e3e648818be39b3c59a90032e219f77df63bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3765233,"id":"Q3765233"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$01D97E30-2EE3-45C0-B58A-8D01B7E620CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0d84ade6a02bd73f79c254069b90a11e1d3dc467","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4095835,"id":"Q4095835"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$02EF2C6C-F2F8-4D52-A5BA-5CFB05246F07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"60da585cac100a31c125360c9cbd2d207cbfe7df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1148667,"id":"Q1148667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$09F34A54-AF33-4E28-8BF3-ABE5104C2230","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"004642c985382b5c70e78b542aebcb6240614609","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4162644,"id":"Q4162644"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$BDEC3A11-EC53-4AB5-8339-BA68FF5FB14A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b3889c3aaae9df20ce7481b19c53c5a0516bc52f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":580965,"id":"Q580965"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$B92B95FD-41BD-4258-8102-E22D1D9FAEC1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5dd584b4ad13350ceac0e82f1a8733443baad0d7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3681902,"id":"Q3681902"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$7CF96016-652D-48BD-ABC5-B5018D04F9B5","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"580fdd05fc9f3f97c7268ad095da29e45c43b2b6","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01407903","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$12E421BC-04BC-4EF5-8F09-041BF4991E20","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"65c2c34e267564d83ddebc664c5051416db90620","datavalue":{"value":"W2058636690","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104076$A89166FC-D3A1-4C59-8457-19DD60B77C3D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b7c83cd37235ed39f4f4bde2119fddf147082822","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":580961,"id":"Q580961"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4ccf6322c96510316c42a9cb6fcebe72c9602de3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.822983980178833","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104076$E60CEF57-6135-4D48-8FCC-B834E9AC6E29","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"81ff7f27c217304396ac268c4f3f646f59170b52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1348526,"id":"Q1348526"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"83f70838dc49be5c58e372ee90161530a987be4e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8229357600212097","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104076$69F1A10E-DD68-4FBC-8698-12CD7A19DB6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cb06747ad7fb553588cd5a11ba2f7fc69be74502","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3833645,"id":"Q3833645"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f3a5d7eed28739e1653203197705b89b9986c1a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8086275458335876","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104076$2291E42D-4A5B-48CE-B8A0-C7AE3CE44361","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ca86a84163579aac3280e8e8fc83653fc41ce3e6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1098303,"id":"Q1098303"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c828ee231d81934bce618054cbe9c91f9c85970b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8050495982170105","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104076$FBBEF26D-80DF-4A8B-8E98-E71C21C1D055","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0833e484117f505c3e334ba8f871fa0f72e805ba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1061481,"id":"Q1061481"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a77fa0fec7d0608c5e56e48da0c1a989af2e4986","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7983253598213196","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104076$A9945539-4818-4C5F-A121-D9F5F35405F8","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1104076","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1104076"}}}}}