{"entities":{"Q1104812":{"pageid":1115561,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1104812","lastrevid":70098603,"modified":"2026-04-13T12:25:43Z","type":"item","id":"Q1104812","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A Galerkin finite element-spectral weather forecast model in hybrid coordinates"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4057176"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$D0C798FA-CA95-4D08-9649-F51F6A550EC6","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0dc724a57cd4df8a1354888854ea59354faaeec8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A Galerkin finite element-spectral weather forecast model in hybrid coordinates","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$FF706AB5-94B1-4780-9ED9-44B62BB52E02","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"509a9758aec6765d66461e7ba30ea26cb742c001","datavalue":{"value":"0647.76021","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$20008EFF-FB09-4409-ADD0-51A424E6037D","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"872440d6281c30b8d4a7cbddb1e77631e5366a1e","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0898-1221(88)90021-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$ABB36836-2647-4D59-80A7-E4FADA64811C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b4ebbe5813576529732cd241726aad9210b4fee1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":995493,"id":"Q995493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$F9A95063-27A3-4C4B-9697-21129CF75910","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"31a1937240ca4a323604b4728c31d242b5596d7c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1988-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$6F567AC1-A6F1-4AFB-AA82-4F5B92F38005","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"cb94b2575ad49f7ec8dd82f81d1fe484c5c9e800","datavalue":{"value":"An atmospheric model is presented using the spectral method for horizontal discretization and a finite element method for the vertical. The vertical coordinate is discretized in a hybrid system, being a P- system at the top of the atmosphere and a \\(\\sigma\\)-system near the surface. For intermediate levels there is a smooth transition between the two systems. An energy-conserving scheme is obtained by using a Petrov- Galerkin method with density as a weight. An efficient method of computing the Galerkin integrals is achieved by introducing a collocation grid. The horizontal discretization uses the spectral method with spherical harmonic basis functions and triangular truncation with meridional wavenumber up to 106. A set of test forecasts was done using 19 vertical levels. The forecasts were compared to those of a model using a finite difference technique for the vertical. The finite element model showed an advantage with respect to an averaged correlation measure.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$5BB89737-2547-45E7-8A9F-0EE488BEBFA7","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9d752d34ad85f598dc66b9dcdfb5cbf477e1a2a5","datavalue":{"value":"76B60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$5558E711-D5CD-46AA-A727-FDA57418667A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da48a66db58de390936830f230e3456a69d68c90","datavalue":{"value":"65Z05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$E0DF449E-572F-46F4-B6AE-6EB22994FF18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b1f5ea0fff7c46aaa7b6931ddae28abf5dc31387","datavalue":{"value":"76M99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$6C120B11-743E-4431-B64E-51DFD12CAFBC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"210d652099ef7bedfc0fde0b4f838327933f22b4","datavalue":{"value":"86A99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$6BBF2949-1783-4B3C-A3E2-A7675FD3F72B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e6138ea928a3162eb80825c4fc4a53a816ab1ec4","datavalue":{"value":"86A10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$3B0CE09C-4697-4201-8230-DCF24981733A","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ba2477ded8a282a4c9bae16b9f71ae40f4d46331","datavalue":{"value":"4057176","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$C18B63BF-A54D-4A05-9B8C-EB09B7B6E097","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cc1f628cc38b03908759c867fe5de206af77157f","datavalue":{"value":"atmospheric model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$10AB412F-A707-4CFF-9D33-ED5E8A8AA88F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9d462e36d2fd8240d69269bd842527796fe0dc59","datavalue":{"value":"spectral method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$CA796855-7092-47A4-9D1F-DF2D56019CC4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a3d3dbf1b380cc91a0443ce6f97a1f793b5d37c8","datavalue":{"value":"horizontal discretization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$87526614-12E8-4BEC-9608-1A787E4B6667","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8a160fbc213ebadd18bfc18ee74021b35328d058","datavalue":{"value":"finite element method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$B9010063-F8E8-456A-9E07-8ADF860C7F46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d263809f08ab58b8d96dc8eb4caaba24faca7073","datavalue":{"value":"smooth transition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$B2511B2F-A43C-4D46-BE03-84FB8BFA2B6E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"13c9d8809661b42383e529a2d80634163076bb31","datavalue":{"value":"Petrov-Galerkin method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$6117A58F-C14B-413E-B182-D5B89538B159","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"09145adb9b861b3592297a333e5e471d8aab4140","datavalue":{"value":"Galerkin integrals","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$250867F4-FE23-46BA-AC8B-E138254A8872","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5c9ae11ddd14c3fccec7a5542396907a84bcc1f2","datavalue":{"value":"collocation grid","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$B0AE5C58-DEA0-408D-AF9D-DEF37EC700F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f8aa0b81be4353ed48611d56dfedaef09fb61bc9","datavalue":{"value":"triangular truncation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$7854E1B8-AC43-40E4-8820-FE9135345C5E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$E4B2EA5D-D3E5-4F6B-8DE5-8A2D012CE283","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"c2543c7320b99ae71ab1d486962ba058b9fb8960","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0898-1221(88)90021-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$848DAFBC-E9A9-40FE-9CB5-AA774E9FD1F6","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1ddee3fae0b15f9be993b1805a7cc47c5ddef2cf","datavalue":{"value":"W1971471542","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$015381D5-C841-4729-80BB-C8FBB230A9F3","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ccecdbf464df125d42df1d06480f584301ed7c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1222012,"id":"Q1222012"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$71DDD938-7668-4859-8B01-68B7A54E8B21","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d5a8311ebd4df056d102cf207110b71884558264","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1085712,"id":"Q1085712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$0D26BDE1-3C1B-4AC9-9C47-F168C33C0850","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9728acbfb56ea9b01ca97a2aab2cada382cddb78","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1211391,"id":"Q1211391"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$42354034-D81D-47CD-AF56-71FA12B17AC7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3dc62de7e05f769672d5954041e0a9251d0fe25","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3917735,"id":"Q3917735"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$2525CABC-05DD-4E0E-82B1-DCD1974D5CDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"690d2e2fa3c40e1612ad82748583fec22cea8345","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5558293,"id":"Q5558293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$BDCACA5F-A01B-4B4E-9B83-788103A863A6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"293935db3834ff8b5d542ae1771b7c6cb66baa38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85551,"id":"Q85551"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1104812$52238304-D397-451D-9C54-815917C3C5CE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cedaee2edfa929839b2e99667906010e021c74e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2424477,"id":"Q2424477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"959daae79854587c9ec052ba0b6edfde1f810473","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7983036041259766","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104812$08A0C80D-27D8-43FA-883B-7A1DBA4412AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f94a019e98cd2b77f5e275acdf17be81737f4816","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3496073,"id":"Q3496073"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"71091825bdf6b41360d0c915aa1cb365daa9fbf5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7804954051971436","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104812$CF85DBD7-F11D-461F-9501-57AEC902DEA4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d78824fae88f268f8b0cda1fa6461ab6ba82722e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1085712,"id":"Q1085712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d871ea9c153b10548453e46ffa02c247ad7b7840","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.766800045967102","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104812$3BA999F6-9F7D-4D5D-88D8-509BD134FB3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f5ee3bc360684e70d27411b3b338f131ecb635d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3033410,"id":"Q3033410"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b28e580610d3f57592ee615114a2ce4155f1bd72","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.764282763004303","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104812$F30CE9CC-FA3A-4601-96D3-427B9E863947","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fc51dbaab197cfb6f1a2f5173b79dd102bc2688f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2446743,"id":"Q2446743"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"589176332862272d0e020f5e664394f93d3f3c15","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7537888884544373","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1104812$4FB5A3C4-6C93-48A3-8DB8-C14FFEDB4EDD","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A Galerkin finite element-spectral weather forecast model in hybrid coordinates","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_Galerkin_finite_element-spectral_weather_forecast_model_in_hybrid_coordinates"}}}}}