{"entities":{"Q1111248":{"pageid":1121997,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1111248","lastrevid":67021779,"modified":"2026-04-12T14:23:04Z","type":"item","id":"Q1111248","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Multiple time scale decomposition of discrete time Markov chains"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4076244"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$5D85A597-784E-4372-AB99-3B2E739B7D96","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f650696e9e00a0f21adca57b4aac4599ca540163","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Multiple time scale decomposition of discrete time Markov chains","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$AE477361-E9B3-4546-87C9-DCA9DC2D4F99","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"82ace40fddf198a1fa877445d63536610dc33aac","datavalue":{"value":"0658.60102","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$BBE9214D-22EE-4B4F-85E4-58BAF7E3A9CC","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5906b5a8cb735fd57b3e4c246b4c1dede24790c9","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0167-6911(88)90075-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$F5641175-AF26-4F4D-B81C-B86C6304AD61","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f06397d16b2b48c5913067e0d87f8d9385d35041","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1111246,"id":"Q1111246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$3F8EC582-34A4-4874-8E5D-7692C3AF03A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1a8d9ce99e441722db7b4a162ed394f136924e3c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172300,"id":"Q172300"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$078F2EFC-0FA6-4F50-A9B4-8C49F6B94C86","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"b1ed7a090d8f1d0a3795177bace50e8f939f7c97","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":196914,"id":"Q196914"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$673691CA-1AFB-4A95-B738-18ACE194CBD5","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"31a1937240ca4a323604b4728c31d242b5596d7c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1988-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$5C5B4CF8-BA54-4EA7-A7E3-4C43F0EC2E4E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f88eba15db0e5254490f6f8e55f456dce92d2198","datavalue":{"value":"The multiple time scale decomposition of discrete time, finite state Markov chains is addressed. In another paper by the same authors [J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 35, No.3, 675-696 (1988; Zbl 0643.60057)], the behavior of a continuous time Markov chain is approximated using a fast time scale, \\(\\epsilon\\)-independent, continuous time process, and a reduced order perturbed process. The procedure can then be iterated to obtain a complete multiple time scale decomposition.    In the discrete time case presented in this paper, the basic approximation has a `hybrid' form. In this form, the fast time scale behavior is approximated using an \\(\\epsilon\\)-independent discrete time Markov chain, and the slow behavior is captured by a perturbed, continuous time process.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$D3593D29-1ED8-49D6-B448-F77775EB9261","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5324c54a5b1cbe1a80cf6fd5ed624d38a1676138","datavalue":{"value":"60J27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$475609F7-4A11-406D-94F8-1A604C5D44BA","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e93dec5752254d7c391f974563633e3e1ae6c592","datavalue":{"value":"4076244","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$79686BC7-F4F6-4138-88CC-4F3BADB6374C","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7b36e7f2f2edf82469896981120488f710d53d80","datavalue":{"value":"aggregation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$604AB531-763E-4300-BE37-F7BEB011C2A4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"276795aaf5666154dc387d04a9aa199c63bc9ca3","datavalue":{"value":"perturbation theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$1163A023-1B79-41FB-B5A3-9EC9F3E274D6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8424f9d256e3571cd48dc087ce6ef253d5794a6e","datavalue":{"value":"multiple time scale decomposition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$CD9D4C2C-D292-49C5-9CDE-10399BD22879","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$AE7914E1-7C6D-45D4-AFC0-8760C25CCA41","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"3b4a09a54b8c5279faa9f5173a6d895ccda6be9d","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(88)90075-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$F84DB8FA-D5A9-4833-8895-170CCC5D861A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"65fce4e6eddbf2eb30b30fa594f2475efdeaa40c","datavalue":{"value":"W2016937859","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$910DE5ED-40F7-458C-B78E-46817EB42B16","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"14da70a57f5cb1bbcf10a5f901280fbd72814d01","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3785710,"id":"Q3785710"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$14AC871D-EF24-45B4-BEE6-8B10C5EF3F68","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"576c07f14a4dbaf26bb9bafff354bb28193d3e34","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1111248,"id":"Q1111248"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$72E7BC55-2BD1-48D8-8847-C081AF4B4546","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4f0ee269163066e351b775b13bdbc42d8e77e36e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3342298,"id":"Q3342298"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$4997C97C-BC72-4E9A-9844-A77F25BAF87D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2bc39e579b2a1abf2ebff4dfe5dd6b0b128cc626","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4144754,"id":"Q4144754"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$38120972-B592-4D49-8482-4BB2A501D9C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1842ffa4cc93b64a44a006d4fe297073af7ef6c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5732234,"id":"Q5732234"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$197191D5-E2CA-49A5-A4FD-63FA1D64DCD5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2744c7c1e9398113a90bcfe793bdaf667988db42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3666006,"id":"Q3666006"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$F0900D75-F68D-449E-B5AA-B47389C5F641","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9573b7ab1e4b0ac0687b0b7b1fe7b3196d029205","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5526485,"id":"Q5526485"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1111248$CC3B6B67-193B-421E-86E2-97CC9E2C6019","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ab2d75da81dc9a04f93b9db7200ea05d24b2e9bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3347057,"id":"Q3347057"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"080f1a5a8eba2ac569e9f2ebbbba32ca7e650cde","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89884657","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$7D1C55D8-644B-453B-B96E-41A6079A4FB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e29fe36d4d8374455f43df761882bd367319480a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":529765,"id":"Q529765"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"652f9ef7bd46ab7bcd93a591451fd062f291cfff","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89212406","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$C6320748-0F69-4E9D-95FF-496E821E89AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"794b8e2bb98ca6249ebea25209cb3872575a0095","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2274301,"id":"Q2274301"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2caddb90f4b061011f7e10aa06820f2b9a4bfa5d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89052147","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$123D0D54-C7E9-4086-9626-DF9C94909FB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"280377d62b6834d8cfc49d08fe3822f29f13711e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4831226,"id":"Q4831226"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b8ff6a0147cef9aa2505b53c059637eb97ebc7af","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8894502","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$C443278C-009E-41D4-807C-AB86BC2154AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"54d5b17c35dececcac3ac3dd644a484b54baf878","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3326559,"id":"Q3326559"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"18dea8cc27b97151c120dbe76c3b726e6f23acc0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88715655","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$2489AE4C-BCA9-42F4-9559-A08DF79D8B20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"63f4f7224bb6915610835970b60884c771687e42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2979950,"id":"Q2979950"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"481c36560a9c88fa75961a60037a0b5ba19f00a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8850846","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$E87F2CBB-3F52-4C53-ABF1-DDA9885562C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"14c8a2c8ab481e0719282246225d05873f01f195","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5357288,"id":"Q5357288"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"734df38af9f3808789bf422042c8cd5c5d383e88","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8831984","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$FD155CC0-130F-402B-9FD8-4E852775D4B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d8a62749eaaccc8795470943222413fcfd9e0b21","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":910823,"id":"Q910823"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2a4e8f134b51c08e7cd5d5ff936d557791890480","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8827336","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$A88CF47E-0FE3-4DA0-9814-86F95C13E8A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"82f92f2ea2ab82d100dd110e6f6fb99f9bb8cea1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1124729,"id":"Q1124729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e40acc88dde4502ee2606c22fb4ecabf64153807","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8820289","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1111248$534367EB-B888-44B9-9DB4-3CE1203D71E1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Multiple time scale decomposition of discrete time Markov chains","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Multiple_time_scale_decomposition_of_discrete_time_Markov_chains"}}}}}