{"entities":{"Q1112910":{"pageid":1123659,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1112910","lastrevid":67035345,"modified":"2026-04-12T14:28:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q1112910","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"An extension of a theorem of Darroch and Ratcliff in loglinear models and its application to scaling multidimensional matrices"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4079624"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$8C6FF100-1838-413B-B62B-E9A672408105","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"26be6fa93a51c5cbcec22288109b596805fed7b0","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"An extension of a theorem of Darroch and Ratcliff in loglinear models and its application to scaling multidimensional matrices","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$E5603434-B63E-4CED-9705-D85CBCE2FDF8","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"810dca34cf9ff662f6ff6b15d926732291c959f3","datavalue":{"value":"0661.15005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$CA13BAC7-AF27-4563-9A85-35CF21408667","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7b3b0d018f056263520206998d1e74da203404dc","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0024-3795(89)90489-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$59ED31E5-0A35-441D-B380-2CEF1C5B0246","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$26E5EAF9-2E18-4013-8039-13BD0B64BA8E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$E7423395-5417-4156-A0CD-E5566BA1FCE9","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c37f64a16ef2e6fe12bb2054302328134ab6232a","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(C=(c_{ij})\\) be an \\(m\\times n\\) matrix with real entries. Let b be any nonzero m-vector. Let \\(K=\\{\\pi:\\) \\(C\\pi =b\\), \\(\\pi\\geq 0\\}\\) be bounded. Let \\(x=(x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_ n)\\), \\(y=(y_ 1,y_ 2,...,y_ n)\\) be two nonnegative vectors with \\(y\\in K\\) and \\(x_ j=0\\) \\(\\Leftrightarrow\\) \\(y_ j=0\\) for any coordinate j. Then it is shown that there exists a \\(\\pi\\in K\\) and positive numbers \\(z_ 1,z_ 2,...,z_ m\\) such that \\(\\pi_ j=x_ j\\prod^{m}_{i=1}z_ i^{c_{ij}}\\) for all j. This theorem sightly generalizes a theorem of \\textit{J. N. Barroch} and \\textit{D. Ratcliff} [Ann. Math. Statistics 43, 1470-1480 (1972; Zbl 0251.62020)] in loglinear models with a completely different proof technique. The proof relies on an extension of a topological theorem of Kronecker to set valued maps and the duality theorem of linear programming. Many theorems in scaling of matrices and multidimensional matrices are direct consequences of this theorem. The main idea is to associate a suitable zero-one matrix of transportation with any multidimensional matrix. Some motivations for scaling applications are also discussed.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$AF49DAA4-96F8-4241-8298-DB60A733594F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"514d5fa2975c3555254647cf60069104b8a4976e","datavalue":{"value":"15A12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$C69B1714-8B3F-4A9F-9124-42EEE55FABF6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e91f303795c91a4b05320ceb841642d986dc5c77","datavalue":{"value":"62F10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$74ECC9F8-A7A9-4EC2-AA3E-2051120FBB15","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"88efc5f66187d4d6d1c9bfa42cc3ffbfee094a16","datavalue":{"value":"4079624","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$A420A5CA-1738-4C26-991A-498221D54AF2","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6c5c70055644b1a508a4c9f40653a4b48b660e92","datavalue":{"value":"loglinear models","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$F90A0C6B-2B54-45A5-8A0C-5F517D217916","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4bee0f9583f19a70ac120790c4327c9f5e90c3fa","datavalue":{"value":"zero-one matrix of transportation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$6D185E8D-A209-41F8-BB21-22C1B6F82A8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"41960d5cd0546601fa19268c3e86420c60e8d269","datavalue":{"value":"multidimensional matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$F460D6F1-BB69-477F-9720-60D6F4DE453F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"849db0f9b181224c1cfc801586630a5ee7fec689","datavalue":{"value":"scaling","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$6E89A061-7F2F-470C-B28E-198E0F3241E8","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cf6d06ce148ba395834f037c624d0e528f401d9d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":510542,"id":"Q510542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$F84EDB95-EF32-422B-8A3A-54FFE090741E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1e5cae1db6db613d9f019741b4a6bc738cec1430","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1365005,"id":"Q1365005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$FB366053-F5F1-4D72-A0AE-38CDB1F47F96","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$0BA89191-7909-4777-BD13-48DDAA3A68F2","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"07ef6613e2ed3b8f6ef7f8b3bbd125e4855ab2e5","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(89)90489-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$D031E116-5384-44DC-B393-679E9298F82C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d89236c48eb74f419f521c23f807e33b1e82fc6f","datavalue":{"value":"W1972492882","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$BE0CD024-56FB-4392-9508-654E021229D7","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c5983e602845b5d37904f713c9a09b6e6585a6fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5510373,"id":"Q5510373"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$1F048A69-764A-45C5-AC58-A798235CF973","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1230bbe9889195496e920edc6aa3a6166b4d9f40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3791958,"id":"Q3791958"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$DC9D096A-CB7B-475B-89CA-DF525F102C9E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2eb05a7f578381a9676cdcc88182f3378bf3f5bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1173136,"id":"Q1173136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$5CF694C3-3847-4A8A-B666-1134939D07AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8896dfabaa25c79b62e113573ca6a37abc469819","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5727177,"id":"Q5727177"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$84DDEDCB-201C-4C42-977A-C2A575F44928","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a9edbe314cc452136818896ac28a90f45de9ab39","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2550433,"id":"Q2550433"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$1E32BCC1-4C36-46CA-8462-C3E74916A797","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3baa0451834125e73b0bd38c2c8cb7405e719837","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5664673,"id":"Q5664673"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$BEE464A6-3816-4326-9EBC-2F0168B1FBDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4a453e0489bdaf228427e883be7865dd6d04bace","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1121341,"id":"Q1121341"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$01AF9955-01D7-4C13-BAC4-5812287821C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25285524aeb2f89289c8889107192c696ee0510d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5519655,"id":"Q5519655"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$969692A0-CE5D-4A5F-AFA2-16765542DDE1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fb90798a24759c49b9e88c1330d8aa8f94b9b129","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5538252,"id":"Q5538252"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$436E3974-21AC-49CE-8DE8-BE5B4B95D01D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"328c8827213ce38aa82f8cf2e3c012b212295c3b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5537711,"id":"Q5537711"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$14D07F69-3F99-4718-BC58-2E9AE953EE90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2fcd1ee8ac759d0b53271ab98fbce055d727d780","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5652137,"id":"Q5652137"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$0B13A1F6-E6F1-4E56-9F5E-09F2A2691B7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"18dc0893a77f85039ceaeec5fed7dde8d283548e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1837746,"id":"Q1837746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$AE535E81-CB92-41CB-91CE-BCD468719372","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f95cf9a3c4fa70d293d856141dbb88f83e8ad733","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1059694,"id":"Q1059694"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$A9A85AD8-148E-4BCC-8B03-C5A9065D0A6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"183a72c234fe477f79232c1b9eae5f035104f9d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3697169,"id":"Q3697169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$4ECF9ABA-98A4-4361-829E-1F7C7A3693F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7adb4222160d38292684fa25d6e178145783820f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1123948,"id":"Q1123948"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$59BC004E-C842-48BD-8E9F-78BCBF9325BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec8c4964fe9545a78231798d4aa5b0c39e769329","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5345008,"id":"Q5345008"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$B757675B-6768-4E55-ACDE-1B56FBC7DB6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4ee79f65b72725bbc62c76a21acb61fe486deef7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2525664,"id":"Q2525664"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$43433B1D-7C1C-4FDA-BAF4-5E5C649E8B57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"16a077d09ca4377c8f7b4c05fe244f65f6bfc5d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3900682,"id":"Q3900682"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$FA02EA9E-28E0-4569-B4BB-C31007098718","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4fc127c6a810584d631bf01796c321280a83eaac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4109456,"id":"Q4109456"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$5E59F136-4ECB-4EEE-90D4-37099B140151","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6012469f7c776d6f4b0931a059aab29629b155bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3850185,"id":"Q3850185"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1112910$7A53BF1A-7D0F-436C-AF90-1F4FC961661F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"02b54effada0aee4234b1784038798d93415e49f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1121341,"id":"Q1121341"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9521ca10bf4fd514440d8f4379337debd27342ad","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7787255048751831","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1112910$0C1A7425-1017-439D-9FF3-84EFDC96E753","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7251c1b7a2d623684d8d8102481087c96ad9ceec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1123948,"id":"Q1123948"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"255d98b6ef1f24c340763ce74f711569f91e6ee0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7567651867866516","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1112910$1B9C707C-97AC-4F6F-B8A7-2A0AFAEA6CCC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"92082ab76ca5be92a233db59c48d771d818e0cca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1059694,"id":"Q1059694"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"de2518ee5496f20c4619a9658f431e91855e340a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.753640353679657","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1112910$E67358C6-B892-43D5-B316-ADA599C9B9B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cc9574904eb40d34b1790614f08cad744673cbfe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1120635,"id":"Q1120635"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e3d9c9359e076d2e5cdeff6298141936fdeaf84a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7375756502151489","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1112910$E41DE0F4-AD4A-4419-AF99-03EF04B80089","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ef520cb177331ec106b1fc788efe2bcfe772783b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3336583,"id":"Q3336583"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0dee80da7f2454e126b01eed0e3dd89a93f83ba5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7330025434494019","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1112910$985F925E-802F-4C8E-8A30-6F3FFFC7414B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"An extension of a theorem of Darroch and Ratcliff in loglinear models and its application to scaling multidimensional matrices","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/An_extension_of_a_theorem_of_Darroch_and_Ratcliff_in_loglinear_models_and_its_application_to_scaling_multidimensional_matrices"}}}}}