{"entities":{"Q1117481":{"pageid":1128230,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1117481","lastrevid":42887558,"modified":"2025-07-15T17:57:56Z","type":"item","id":"Q1117481","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The Lorentzian splitting theorem without the completeness assumption"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4092295"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$213C52B9-D57C-4DD8-A65E-E2798BAAB508","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2efac97ab1d7cc0494fc985037a1b20be9fd1c36","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The Lorentzian splitting theorem without the completeness assumption","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$86AE2FCE-5556-422C-AD4F-EF6ABF2BCF10","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f3104dad17867d9f309547956e5e71745a8de59a","datavalue":{"value":"0667.53048","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$429857D1-677D-4347-87BA-8C262BF10F5E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6179a133a6ff524ccdf3f16033bb030e4cd9b608","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171108,"id":"Q171108"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$98C46680-5ED5-4346-81DA-3C00E2ABA278","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"33075497992c7b00cbed0c3ce471beb5f6082d57","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":240580,"id":"Q240580"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$ABC96D54-C016-4725-AE2C-ABB761D4408C","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$CC0F087C-BBBB-42A6-AE7C-F426DEC9658F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a3737bcbc2f1e0b7e7363713f9421fd5835a1496","datavalue":{"value":"The purpose of the paper is the proof of the following Lorentzian analogue of the Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem: Let (M,g) be a connected globally hyperbolic Lorentzian space-time manifold with Ric(X,X)\\(\\geq 0\\) for all timelike vectors X. If M contains a maximal timelike geodesic \\(\\gamma\\) : \\({\\mathbb{R}}\\to M\\) (``line''), then M is isometric to (\\({\\mathbb{R}}\\times S\\), \\(dt^ 2\\oplus h)\\), where (S,h) is a complete Riemannian manifold. As in the Riemannian case, the fibres \\(\\{\\) \\(t\\}\\) \\(\\times S\\) of the splitting arise as the horospheres, i.e. the levels of the Busemann functions \\(b^+\\) and \\(b^-\\) corresponding to the two (future and past oriented) rays of \\(\\gamma\\).    A main step in the proof is to show that near \\(\\gamma\\), the future and past horospheres are smooth and agree, i.e. \\(b^-=-b^+\\). To see this, one uses a small maximal spacelike hypersurface \\(\\Sigma\\) with \\(\\partial \\Sigma \\subset \\{b^-=0\\}\\) which exists by a theorem of \\textit{R. Bartnik} [cf. Acta Math. 161, No.3/4, 145-181 (1988; see below)]. Due to the curvature assumption, the Busemann functions are subharmonic in a weak sense, so by some maximum principle, they are constant along \\(\\Sigma\\).    Previously, the splitting theorem was proved only under the crucial assumption of timelike geodesic completeness [cf. the reviewer, J. Differ. Geom. 27, No.3, 477-491 (1988; Zbl 0647.53043)]; this assumption now is avoided by introducing \\(\\Sigma\\). Recently, \\textit{R. P. Newman} has proved the splitting result also by assuming timelike geodesic completeness, but avoiding the assumption of global hyperbolicity [A proof of the splitting conjecture of S. T. Yau (preprint)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$A8675D5E-C411-4D24-98FC-1ACF53498E9D","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"5081c9c7eb91e15ec8a5af103163077b4aa2b8bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":380407,"id":"Q380407"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$5304AC46-D625-4C85-8773-12DF62B2BF9F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"cba7ad267868666b1aee2992746bc16d7ac85340","datavalue":{"value":"53C50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$FEF177D4-56B3-4765-AABC-29A87A7FF5A1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e53e6a4443158ea918fabe53e9ff906d0256bb06","datavalue":{"value":"4092295","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$07B807DC-C07F-44FE-8229-26EBC78B8ED5","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d72512e2fff304962d18b7881e4659a46d31a2f7","datavalue":{"value":"Cheeger-Gromoll splitting","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$37E3FE5D-9D61-44C8-899B-B20D5A6FEB9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5ddd37700cd9c087428cbdfcea3f345af06a155a","datavalue":{"value":"globally hyperbolic Lorentzian space-time","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$F74FDEFC-EDC6-4928-B1F0-390EB2C78E2A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9b1780a0a1b6a6e6d55af478992ea4f669f08aad","datavalue":{"value":"maximal timelike geodesic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$57459B90-4B6C-46F8-BEAD-CD7E96B3FA51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"19c1bd811c34b394cde75d3eb3aa4246970de85d","datavalue":{"value":"Busemann functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$5E0E125D-47F7-42EA-8B13-593CBB6A905B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$165E4B42-28D2-4231-A9A9-B005F03775EF","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2669defe75036eaa2a3e83a303f3166d6efde637","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1214442881","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$D5C578DE-0425-4061-A0A3-6809E1E8BBC2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"f08963d310605bdb4cc709c59a756484f4420b98","datavalue":{"value":"W1583212049","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$A65E8E85-AEC4-4742-9D52-E65387495687","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"3ec177ed7852474e00047199d86a8bc4676c4e85","datavalue":{"value":"Q115182796","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$07E1A54A-E598-4697-AC82-3928C94D9A05","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"fdf096365ebddd3586d3aef6b4ec54f3f910983d","datavalue":{"value":"10.4310/JDG/1214442881","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1117481$3F752002-AE1E-4A6D-9D42-A8A8A9ECF6E8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0e0321451390f81faa95b7a5bfbe9937987ff017","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1104568,"id":"Q1104568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9cd1fd90447f7b14cd6e035caae4479efbc8e635","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91025275","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$1F945DCF-2C60-43EE-9605-40E12BB8B111","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"838dd28532319b2db8b9aec9d905ff87350af643","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2890357,"id":"Q2890357"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9af932cf6ebf15f6b66b998968e09b29a5d500f0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8278161","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$C3472271-5E1A-4BED-A21E-0E428F7AB96E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c41187438d86323ad57319aea83d198a169210bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":910026,"id":"Q910026"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ea728d6a498ce4e9f09d6adb5af807bd049539aa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8269704","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$AD42DBAA-F56C-4799-B7AB-6030BC72E751","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f849a41fc2c8f17c699380a1e41bb9d9b032d969","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1123428,"id":"Q1123428"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d0025041e1ea16701a8bde5c9cfe78d806bc23ae","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8032164","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$A00C4390-6EDB-4D86-AE17-AFAB325E94FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8e197a50d184aa78781e5a4eb3e6a12cf3243c8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1064556,"id":"Q1064556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"755e131b6fe42fa740eb894c44aec31c1f9d4fb3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7955724","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$B95D9270-0DAE-492D-8196-B43209480B7E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3f22c7c1848d638a69be6f75dc929158a5d9280f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1104569,"id":"Q1104569"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2d4a429ba7974e33dfb2b47681313f28d0b4b9a7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7859888","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$8CCC2D26-8A3F-4C3E-8BC2-84731E505D66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ed4bc2d41ddbdfc26c4c4cf003274c02a30804c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3683143,"id":"Q3683143"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d82493837661ecb606f6c8f86b8a240a7b25334f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77465796","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$27AA0287-A286-45AC-9537-F289CA3F5BA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a6609fc8bde7587bdd0b5cf194860999df24580d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3475959,"id":"Q3475959"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bf5d51774d53bc08a20a191b416b244dda74f52d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7527847","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$47D7A252-3686-40E9-A07E-5BE4AB579114","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a592dcfd252a52d43f79648cdf0de4366a960260","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2707168,"id":"Q2707168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"560bb5885f75b3af2ca1eb4989e9a268f154d0dc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7510906","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$78B96D0C-83A6-4F5F-AF23-A10D75B16875","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ba60f26a8b56e1e576316f5d5e35e275ea7550e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2575351,"id":"Q2575351"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b91bbc738e42db7ed74a764cc6d8ed3d1161f862","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74770725","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1117481$CB4CE021-75BD-455C-B10D-BE526BBF2E68","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1117481","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1117481"}}}}}