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Atiyah and Jones and Donaldson have considered the topology of \\({\\mathcal M}(P)\\) particularly in the special case of \\((M=S^ 4,G=SU(2),SU(3))\\) in the context of the topology of 4-manifolds. The author showed [J. Differ. Geom. 19, 337-392 (1984; Zbl 0551.53040)], using techniques inspired by Morse theory, that, in this special case, \\({\\mathcal M}(P)\\) is path-connected.    In the present paper, those techniques are considerably extended to compute information about the topology of \\({\\mathcal M}(P)\\) in the general case. Specifically, the author considers the maps \\((i_ P)_*\\) on homotopy and homology induced by the inclusion \\(i_ P: {\\mathcal M}(P)\\hookrightarrow {\\mathcal B}(P)\\) (as suggested by Donaldson's program). Theorem 1 states that \\((i_ P)_*\\) is epimorphic on all homotopy/homology groups up to a certain dimension determined only by the Pontrjagin number \\(k(P)=p_ 1(Ad P)\\) associated to P. Theorem 2 asserts the existence of a homotopy equivalence between \\({\\mathcal B}(P)\\) and \\({\\mathcal B}(P')\\) whenever \\(k(P)-k(P')\\) is an integer multiple of C(G) (an integer depending solely on the bundles structure group; \\(C(SU(2)=4).\\) One consequence of the latter result is that \\({\\mathcal M}(P)\\hookrightarrow {\\mathcal B}(P)\\) becomes a weak homotopy equivalence on taking direct limits (with respect to k(P)\\(\\to \\infty)\\). This is described as ``topological stability'' for the moduli spaces.    A careful and highly technical Morse-theoretic analysis is required because the hypotheses of the Palais-Smale and Ljusternik-Shnirelman procedures just fail. A rough technical summary follows. Observing that \\({\\mathcal M}(P)=a^{-1}(0)\\) where  \\[  a(A)=\\int_{M}| (1-*)F_ A|^ 2  \\]  is the Yang-Mills functional (modulo some multiple of k(P)), the author considers a min-max procedure for the function \\(a_{{\\mathcal F}}\\)  \\[  a_{{\\mathcal F}}=\\inf_{U\\in {\\mathcal F}}\\{\\sup_{b\\in U}a(b)\\}  \\]  where \\({\\mathcal F}\\) is a family of compact subsets of \\({\\mathcal B}(P)\\) which are homotopy invariant with respect to the neighbourhood \\({\\mathcal B}_{\\epsilon}(P)=\\{b\\in {\\mathcal B}(P):\\quad a(b)<\\epsilon \\}\\) of \\({\\mathcal M}(P)\\) in \\({\\mathcal B}(P).\\)    In the special case, \\((S^ 4,SU(2))\\), one can construct a strong deformation retract of \\({\\mathcal B}_{\\epsilon_ 0}(P)\\) (some P- independent \\(\\epsilon_ 0>0)\\) onto \\({\\mathcal M}(P)\\). A careful analysis of the obstructions to the existence of such a retract enables the author to conclude that the topological properties mentioned above survive the generalisation to arbitrary pairs (M,G).    Contents: introduction and preliminaries, topology of \\({\\mathcal B}(P)\\) when \\(k(P)\\gg 0\\), topology of \\({\\mathcal B}_{\\epsilon}(P)\\) for \\(\\epsilon\\) small, the obstruction bundle and, finally, homotopy equivalences relative to \\({\\mathcal 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