{"entities":{"Q1119376":{"pageid":1130125,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1119376","lastrevid":66339357,"modified":"2026-04-12T09:26:25Z","type":"item","id":"Q1119376","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The evolution and discharge of electric fields within a thunderstorm"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4098687"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$95A26950-6E78-44D7-8A29-CB134379E322","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a739da593e81f1f0d7316931ba3dcbfa62ccb2ba","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The evolution and discharge of electric fields within a thunderstorm","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$8CDB555F-05F5-4D30-84F1-2115B332A527","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4889c16fe732f7f7e1d1978fcbdb1da8b6f8dbad","datavalue":{"value":"0671.65101","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$C31D50AB-AB72-47B3-9442-A60FF59031C9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"a56ace9f57fd9c5fbc81d28c34d9648beb6adc4e","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0021-9991(89)90042-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$E11C45F4-D0CD-46F7-A80A-9AB097169332","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a577382ad87ff4ea8a4c422b2ae869136bce624c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":241750,"id":"Q241750"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$553F8AB7-E55B-4E66-B04B-686BF1008B90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"03b02cf00c4d15ad6d88fd91b4d2541778d32778","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1119374,"id":"Q1119374"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$78CA7CDF-C97C-468B-A1D3-663657322D3C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"baa847d9475733454732e1c2d1e35e7379987b7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1119375,"id":"Q1119375"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$A6242ECF-6D4A-4036-9B5A-43A8BA8F3052","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6cceddc06ad0ad76fac52687780769138ba9c5f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":164235,"id":"Q164235"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$9A4027BD-0E72-466B-9A40-E776E413EB21","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$5B74863F-3DCB-4E20-9C54-88779D901B9A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"edabb01eb8448bfb9d3f59434a89704478ccb616","datavalue":{"value":"A 3-dimensional model for the electric field in a thunderstorm is developed. A finite difference approximation method is analyzed. The domain is decomposed into boxes, the partial differential equation is integrated over each box, the divergence theorem is applied, and spatial derivatives in the resulting boundary integrals are approximated by central differences. It is shown that under given conditions, the resulting discretization is unconditionally stable. Max-norm error estimates for the discrete approximation are established. Numerical results are included, showing a good concordance between numerical and experimental data.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$4EB465D8-E9CB-4878-BCAA-EC906474E1EC","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ff8f2a11796e49dd5306ad935c0a198adb65c297","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":688755,"id":"Q688755"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$F38A77E0-23FA-41F8-8075-E7261BA88627","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da48a66db58de390936830f230e3456a69d68c90","datavalue":{"value":"65Z05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$9CC089C7-79D4-4A0C-9F04-1D26DB1156CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b3b15e6d94c737325f7f45da231b80cdfb80c973","datavalue":{"value":"65N06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$9A64D223-898F-4AB5-A695-A17EA8252E3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"54045faeb8a1f9246e8b19ae03cbc4533321aaa2","datavalue":{"value":"78A99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$DBDA5107-FFE0-47AC-B22F-3A1C062D5AE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bd885dcb030e77159f4924283e9e5878c849fada","datavalue":{"value":"35Q99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$96B6E126-800D-4F8A-B652-58DA15E85AE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"210d652099ef7bedfc0fde0b4f838327933f22b4","datavalue":{"value":"86A99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$14060EA0-472D-43C7-8DBC-703EBE55F04B","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"44c8192318676c1c91e2bb512486973af1610a7c","datavalue":{"value":"4098687","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$9EE375DC-95E9-4530-8F5D-0D8A1F9EBCEC","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fea9a03b5dc56f980d477656272a4aec82f77f56","datavalue":{"value":"model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$6C2DAEE7-84FF-4050-A7F6-1C7079F81006","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a8850a50e469b874631008f5cbd7cb130f1be82c","datavalue":{"value":"electric field in a thunderstorm","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$B38289B2-FCA6-4772-BC23-1C2E7FC63586","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dfc6f0d7174c69abb06ce1d59b9c7af1f0a97244","datavalue":{"value":"finite difference approximation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$1F7618A9-0CD3-4A43-8292-3A8D6C49FB74","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7f17d2d7890f4d6e80be2492d51898a71c9af7a7","datavalue":{"value":"divergence theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$47F19684-C797-415D-B146-A81338943B64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"60c48eae60a8bbbd4d689a5e1dc6420b675b0d4a","datavalue":{"value":"error estimates","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$3E2DAFF7-A73A-4776-8B6C-59E7F246BA0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7007ac23368c6eefa263f685d5db967f7669436c","datavalue":{"value":"Numerical results","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$BB5469C4-ABC7-40FB-9F77-1361C564EDF4","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"940eb0b2c37a2446273cf797e1f3ea78598917d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":23606,"id":"Q23606"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$F4C562C7-7C52-4BF8-8C9F-5F7EE65FE266","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$0BB48771-D19E-40EF-BC7C-381C38388C2F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2ffdd6541bbc89be29f27df9782c0de4a0e6fc6d","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(89)90042-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$EDA2E07C-84BF-4414-A746-A5F2343293BC","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a01ca5c01ccf1473c01b8c395240dda57d3ee0f2","datavalue":{"value":"W2056097835","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$18B5C941-6038-462D-877B-347A53322A3F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5cadfeb7a9095bc67d82611d1fb1a2ec06b8ab01","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1091272,"id":"Q1091272"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$93B1B0FF-9BE3-4783-8FF7-A974F23754C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8cb76e4c9c238e4dcb19c346439c8441b68af354","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3994560,"id":"Q3994560"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$B4E9011E-2291-41FE-9204-48F1A5477343","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a0b0e10a650a5cfc9d76d7f3cca60028e8f42de8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3823718,"id":"Q3823718"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$3FF6E12A-A769-451A-AFE5-9D0B8E54C297","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8d7375eb3fb16e53fc324a206ccc762e44b4aa93","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5342712,"id":"Q5342712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1119376$4AA2BD00-6B29-44B7-B46A-F93905545D9C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8c20ea0d512af0c4ea0dfd94c8485cc168f988f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5715022,"id":"Q5715022"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"802895233d96c0e82de10b5b19666e82ec1d5674","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6974946856498718","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1119376$E7CC18E4-F0B1-4CE8-8B4D-1E2E75281A3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"38901531f88f84ea4f1047a0cf7297ecfc28775e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1658556,"id":"Q1658556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3df23334d56181a4c65d7cb54c499545711143d6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6942341327667236","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1119376$16E159FA-A301-48F2-8255-A833B1384FEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"08e15e59a4fcf8759b06e608f5f94f122dec57ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4437580,"id":"Q4437580"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4ad127d2345680b07c24a354557130d8386e2248","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6902339458465576","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1119376$D51ADB1A-139A-467D-B685-BCA3D934DF52","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8f33c0c011a896bd435d7cf5e9a3652bf629d046","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5059845,"id":"Q5059845"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e1c52d3f9323a98f1f0abd119eae0f2f7550c673","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6665346622467041","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1119376$90ED6930-A51F-4EA0-857B-94E649AC27D2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"81bb97432735fde4825b5387c63e943c8331923a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5038088,"id":"Q5038088"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dd72f0e87ff135a8faf9d980c91de0d325f8f930","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6647069454193115","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1119376$363B5D5C-7B0B-4D30-BC4C-47E10FDBAF87","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The evolution and discharge of electric fields within a thunderstorm","badges":[]}}}}}