{"entities":{"Q1121368":{"pageid":1132117,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1121368","lastrevid":66173385,"modified":"2026-04-12T08:02:49Z","type":"item","id":"Q1121368","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Partiality, cartesian closedness, and toposes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4103319"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$A7445215-65F2-4FCE-BD68-8713AFB69C86","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"d0804fd878527dea1fd39b5472bde9e62d7e319d","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Partiality, cartesian closedness, and toposes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$D31159EA-AFE7-4FD3-B3E8-9A0DD87FC0A9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"451ede687a5038a0efbda6ee6f387afffe4b0bef","datavalue":{"value":"0674.18001","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$16AC662D-8186-4A88-A3F6-88F6DF184016","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7ae6eb24590b5bbacba67dd219b9645dc3c39900","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0890-5401(89)90023-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$F2C11465-9AAA-4023-AA67-F5F4C2843B0B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"168c439337819df2c43af3b8a6f753e66040a513","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":750437,"id":"Q750437"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$AB4C2322-C367-4F8B-B29A-8BDD9096B862","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8cb313c50586523a1a82ffb573c59952e4111e32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":418199,"id":"Q418199"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$F2D0FBBE-4180-47BC-BD66-7FC96F5CC542","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"fa2d1ad91af9619c8dd37ab889fe279a84c4057e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":259032,"id":"Q259032"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$6A6E4B9E-ACE8-4001-9D78-DC2AA7EBA76A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$DA525311-41F3-4568-87F4-AFF2AD9D32FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d1c10f5bee720aa6b87794c519ea4b1c7301f6c1","datavalue":{"value":"This paper is concerned with some categorical aspects of structures with partial morphisms vis \u00e0 vis to \\(\\lambda_ p\\)-calculus of \\textit{E. Moggi} [Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 240, 242-251 (1986; Zbl 0628.03007)]. As a result of a synthesis of numerous papers published in the last decade (the papers of the authors are also included, and widely referred to in the text), the article gives a basic equational framework for categories with partial morphisms. The basic concepts are: category of partial maps (pC), lifting, partially cartesian category (pCC), domain, restriction, range, partial epi, partial mono, partial exponentiation, partially cartesian closed category (pCCC), dominion, partial topos, interval equality.    In the authors' view the structure pC is an enriched (pre)-ordered category. The introduced axioms are strongly related to the intuitive concept of partiality. Notions corresponding to the ``total ones'' are defined and several basic results in pC, pCC, pCCC are established. The authors construct the category \\(C_ T\\) of total arrows. The main result gives conditions under which the partial properties in C imply the corresponding total properties in \\(C_ T\\). Using ``inverse'' constructions, the partial structures \\(C_ p\\) are obtained from the ``total ones'' C. Some properties of partial toposes are presented and a characterization of toposes is given: a cartesian closed category with pullbacks C is a topos iff its associated partial category \\(C_ p\\) is partially cartesian closed. As a final result the authors present an equational description of partial toposes and of other structures. These results have applications in the areas of programming languages and of automated categorical reasoning.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$EAE9C70E-74D8-4831-811E-75F70CCD9908","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"aa2d311bfebadfc58292672011b7418c359f6a26","datavalue":{"value":"18A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$18CB3A9C-4F77-4527-A999-F331B28BC392","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b28ec93edbc28cf51ca38efd24d859f9e51258c9","datavalue":{"value":"18B25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$CAA056CD-709B-4988-AB6C-8EEC9DB3F0BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"44bfe90f17a7ad0027a9dbba6d9564554d8f86b7","datavalue":{"value":"18D15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$49B9A8DE-F316-458E-8EFE-94563235D1C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"25aa969dcca62ee94c95b2a54e4102ee8a17d130","datavalue":{"value":"03B40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$73852A64-75AD-43C7-88F2-8E233B2F8386","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7cfff2e3b7f009b69ae82e4aa296ae1902bd02ff","datavalue":{"value":"68Q60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$4276D937-0B3B-46EA-BCF5-E091CB64346A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"396e0fd7e3b723e770d62f37cd362b49808d08c1","datavalue":{"value":"18C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$ADC047F7-02C6-41F0-BB77-F771A681AE5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e6e7c2e9d67f9590a26e18c734f34db53ce5ec87","datavalue":{"value":"68T15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$75975109-7449-487E-811B-F35385565D23","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c54768e13ee7cb2004b3e9990819e7a837ccbace","datavalue":{"value":"4103319","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$08094AF2-1C7A-4929-B29C-03D834447999","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c6ecd5bc7d1f6bbec255510964723097cf66a0d4","datavalue":{"value":"partiality in lambda calculus","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$252C51AE-947C-489E-A7EB-EDA41F561D36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5577174939688c94b9faadf9ca7b793263c0c4ff","datavalue":{"value":"category of total arrows","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$2F20A26A-48AE-451F-8F89-0B88B7A6F55B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5f95877c0f9c51232f3df1f5e3a5c86f6e4d9f39","datavalue":{"value":"categories with partial morphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$6BF4A5BA-DDF0-4C80-9E41-0B0EA7ACC2CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9f3918423103d052aae63bdb3471329da52d9666","datavalue":{"value":"category of partial maps","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$7B53924C-B7E0-464A-BEA2-808DA664236B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4e9e439ec4c70505c8728ae058aa733e37e99e18","datavalue":{"value":"partially cartesian category","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$205EFCD4-DB89-46C1-A8AD-6C65EC5E56CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9e5af092c73a275779817e247d7573bd8c69ee28","datavalue":{"value":"domain","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$2FFD1FE3-2B0F-4227-87F2-831871EB2C71","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b28b5044f1fe71d7187585eee834aee5271d9d2b","datavalue":{"value":"partially cartesian closed category","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$3E3473D1-5975-4162-BEC8-10CA707556C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"20581187ae88815bd7a991984d7b521b65a69420","datavalue":{"value":"dominion","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$9AC9E759-F103-4179-9524-86AFC9D091CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"021fb00d7912d91f3037bd0647fcc95ae15b3e35","datavalue":{"value":"partial topos","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$1D1E4213-EAF5-46C6-91E9-E1ECD1DC4E76","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"489560b9b00c44572ad1e0eebe89cce928d6d1f3","datavalue":{"value":"programming languages","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$1717C54E-9416-4DFD-B273-479958F96CE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1cf93c51a15429aa7d210ee7ac7deca30571ebbb","datavalue":{"value":"automated categorical reasoning","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$EE34E072-EB80-436C-BE32-3C0CCE489FAE","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1f834c47030eb2382021869df69e45ea67b8fafc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587556,"id":"Q587556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$5CAD939F-B55C-482E-9BE0-3FEFD5710D1F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$F90D278E-A64A-4CD8-A5D3-6A87BDB34351","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"47efc8e462564b38f0c723febe5dd9dd2e337734","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-5401(89)90023-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$E489DE75-93CF-4C3F-A6FA-34871B8FE59C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6e2f85b78f4f44f2179e94296ccd4eb4ce003e23","datavalue":{"value":"W2005219276","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$30CD561B-10FD-473E-88CF-3B96395169AF","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"358596db31a85268f2da249f2d363886b423d4b0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3767474,"id":"Q3767474"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$1EF37545-B57F-46C4-A92E-FCA97904D607","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1e0bc180311b57c62eeb872b6b44fa7298188cae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1097043,"id":"Q1097043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$569A3895-A4F2-4621-A517-E92C91EB8EE9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8128be7a2395e4b6b58abe3d71613f69ea9d0962","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3785893,"id":"Q3785893"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$6A8759EF-C0E2-4D39-835A-BD1FD0A81694","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"24307f65174cf2f05425cc472eb7eade74125dcc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":786811,"id":"Q786811"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$1A760C61-3184-4186-A94C-BCCFA90D7A25","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bd24f28a4314fb116807a2a5f6256711b9785e20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3953956,"id":"Q3953956"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$D08216EB-1DA8-4431-8E32-B5C1FF6A0052","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae56cbc30bf4e0ace39780e420d931108cdd0102","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4145861,"id":"Q4145861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$0CCF3219-11F9-4913-A15C-D00E8D7DDE6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7f5c6828e722c31ecddad7948c129bcdcef870dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5664068,"id":"Q5664068"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$2785394C-64F8-4C34-A656-51317CD4303E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9616c6e9e07e030df0ce064aa2b8a0a6da1558ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3677755,"id":"Q3677755"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$FDC27D95-ACBE-42F5-ADC6-14EC5F5EBC96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"534480bfab7acfeee5d80ae4528655224ebda578","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5639839,"id":"Q5639839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$1EF3117D-BD27-45F3-98AF-0041B6F47814","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bde19d283d42edf106d6209c4d5562a85b28e299","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3764126,"id":"Q3764126"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$4B7DC9E3-2F49-4E57-862F-5101CDC85FE5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a040b4cae5637a5db3717c262d4cc599e1e35375","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4726252,"id":"Q4726252"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$49AD768A-9CF6-4EAC-BBE2-03C218F59061","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5e0691e21ed553f2a4405e920d999bdfdf70ebe7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1109871,"id":"Q1109871"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$009AF1A7-AB83-4E59-A452-AC8CC03F7F0E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"11b47e427b41b4173e50108f0857c520d19a8b62","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3208629,"id":"Q3208629"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$8FC9AC00-DCCC-4D80-95F0-C4C4AFEA504D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aa6e39ea5924311879714da7bd0f4d38cff04e51","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3216795,"id":"Q3216795"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121368$D85FD8D8-23CF-4182-8ABC-F74E64FB0A0F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7f6ca364e3aff04fee338e46ae5d30af7083114f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1349664,"id":"Q1349664"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8ae82b06433d9c97316d05cdfdaa48b78fbc96fd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8591294884681702","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121368$54A4257D-86BE-4FD8-B530-947C26435E3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b30d28864abb8c7d5cc5094f209e6f4fe57ddd6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3832739,"id":"Q3832739"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d7f4cc8688021d82d70de2da39b8132eb1ef967e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.854763388633728","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121368$E903525A-8995-4D67-8986-E8056B8F4160","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c9207457c353da36637f221fe4e0b00066752687","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4429196,"id":"Q4429196"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"819d9cfbbfe631934d3cb779dc3580751df9c90d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.837888240814209","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121368$2FCED285-4FE1-4530-BA7E-4DB550DF5744","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ea946849ac0cd995ba78cc7243b6c91e38410875","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3764126,"id":"Q3764126"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"98306a5c4966e6230342c851d276f72ed1d93936","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8131693601608276","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121368$ACB445CE-EF25-4EC7-8216-BE454D2CADEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bc2d3e5157c4630b55b4adb9ee5e7230fe9cbf30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1109871,"id":"Q1109871"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e2850e01fc7b9512144d898c9b3ac983253dd4b2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8021787405014038","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121368$B04D2F27-0F8D-4A9E-A729-2B00C90B775B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Partiality, cartesian closedness, and toposes","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Partiality,_cartesian_closedness,_and_toposes"}}}}}