{"entities":{"Q1121477":{"pageid":1132226,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1121477","lastrevid":66693165,"modified":"2026-04-12T12:06:01Z","type":"item","id":"Q1121477","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Bounded orthogonal systems and the \\(\\Lambda\\) (p)-set problem"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4103690"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$A8E55682-C8D0-40C7-B5A0-E8EB0BB058CB","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2f352a5b55f5cba3e7a33f656f96e01c773fb091","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Bounded orthogonal systems and the \\(\\Lambda\\) (p)-set problem","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$5B7B9BCC-3EAA-43BD-9895-AC817B9C0FCC","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"65030587f47baa3c5eccfa8389f813c812924c1d","datavalue":{"value":"0674.43004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$FF81CE35-1FE3-4F74-BEF5-B1CE9754EF81","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"91b078105c046f1866006594f3e4ed7bd060d8ff","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02392838","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$A67FF695-BF10-4618-AD6D-CB54BAFC859C","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"09f456a274e455e5e5b05b055e42e0cbb108679d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163102,"id":"Q163102"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$E59D2318-42C2-4F1A-97AA-FA6EB53CA3A8","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$604D9FB3-F996-4A4F-AA33-987309A56B80","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"823e20611d24bd9fea5945baa38f8aafbdba005b","datavalue":{"value":"Assume that \\(\\phi_ 1,...,\\phi_ n\\) is a sequence of mutually orthogonal functions, for example a sequence of unitary characters in the dual group \\(\\Gamma\\) of a compact Abelian group G. As in the example, assume further that all functions \\(\\phi_ j\\) are uniformly bounded by 1, and let \\(2<p<\\infty\\). The author proves the following amazing theorem:    There always exists a subset \\(S\\subset \\{1,...,n\\}\\) of cardinality \\(| S| >n^{2/p}\\), such that  \\[  \\| \\sum_{i\\in S}a_ i\\phi_ i\\|_{L^ p}\\leq C(p)(\\sum_{i\\in S}| a_ i|^ 2)^{1/2}  \\]  for all scalar sequences \\(\\{a_ i\\}_ i\\). Here C(p) is a constant which only depends on p. In fact he shows that, in a probabilistic sense, the above estimate holds for a generic randomly chosen set S.    Let me recall that, if G and \\(\\Gamma\\) are as above and \\(p>2\\), a subset \\(\\Lambda\\) \\(\\subset \\Gamma\\) is a \\(\\Lambda\\) (p)-set, if \\(L^ p_{\\Lambda}(G)=L^ 1_{\\Gamma}(G)\\), or, equivalently, \\(L^ p_{\\Lambda}(G)=L^ 2_{\\Lambda}(G)\\), where \\(L^ p_{\\Lambda}(G)\\) is the closure in \\(L^ p(G)\\) of the linear space spanned by the characters in \\(\\Lambda\\). As a consequence of the main theorem, the author can show that for every \\(2<p<\\infty\\) there exists a \\(\\Lambda\\) (p)-subset of \\(\\Gamma ={\\mathbb{Z}}\\) which is not a \\(\\Lambda\\) (r)-set for any \\(r>p\\), which solves the so-called \\(\\Lambda\\) (p)-set problem. So far, by a result of Rudin, this had only been known for even integers \\(p=2m\\geq 4.\\)    The ingenious proof of the main theorem is based on a subtle probabilistic estimate and a related entropy estimate. The exposition is self-contained.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$1BD4CE07-62BF-4FB4-B02D-1C93650591C3","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f6ce040c04128090dded14c7a390c4f9aa3947a7","datavalue":{"value":"43A46","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$7BFD7C8F-CF57-42DB-BDB8-6E2EA8609529","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e28b8fbf2601ccb0e3a9db4f27feac1cc309b8a3","datavalue":{"value":"42C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$CF7BAD58-4288-4B7A-90D7-C48CBD58918F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f98ee8a5b48dedad99ebc19547ae23da6aacb62d","datavalue":{"value":"46B15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$70340DF4-2030-4E94-A1EF-E338ECFDFA16","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"660ad10c188f9af355fce79c2c6efc7ae6284b24","datavalue":{"value":"4103690","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$22F186C3-C8F3-4879-B554-0130E60E3918","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0c03357e4c4d36a3f57f77b8d8db2953678e931c","datavalue":{"value":"orthogonal functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$8BC4E4F4-CD4F-4E41-96A3-A216A18E651B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6bd5a240797d51628e8651f3cf79ac6f851d9e5c","datavalue":{"value":"unitary characters","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$047149D7-9332-414F-96B8-E2437609C43F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7ce31773e1f814c4c62cf5c59097e50573c6aac9","datavalue":{"value":"dual group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$BCDA741C-3D54-4ED2-8552-BA41A8F5D1AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c96e9ef14bc394a8e8b1381dd310e40a0ed83d16","datavalue":{"value":"compact Abelian group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$8A29A8AD-5241-44A5-9B68-C53622FEF701","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2bb238cdf1be06bc144107fc71ae4255c4b6acb9","datavalue":{"value":"\\(\\Lambda \\) (p)-set problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$F41DC362-569A-48B9-98B8-F7CDF3A8BAC3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b6924efb9c4710525a1d5e4ff39bdd4eac50b786","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":225502,"id":"Q225502"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$1C6F143A-0715-43B6-9B35-A2FC216676ED","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$6AB18236-563A-4C1F-B4CE-F0ABF1B29802","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"454c945c699a54ece47e9af32b7b50dbafca6f2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1122737,"id":"Q1122737"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$2F36BC7B-4C66-47B2-BFE9-ADB47F15D9E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0732adc82885b56a5fb9cfa05164c67bfd6185de","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4735568,"id":"Q4735568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$1C580A4C-558E-4563-A2C8-CB452A4EED95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e657e7212de338ff8d6a00a0876fefd0dec9f92","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1231264,"id":"Q1231264"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$1D415068-CF95-4C96-9174-5D1B8975FCF6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5b054edbf5c8707a6d9b1eda856f2457562297f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1824151,"id":"Q1824151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$EDEFC6F5-B647-4955-8B24-FD289CA47FFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5c9025f7a5272d444a4e4ca842ab7414d63870f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1246147,"id":"Q1246147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$FC5F0669-E55D-405C-B8A1-BCA9817A7083","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1036afe34328fe81fac1467d1a26ce0cc3393914","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5595283,"id":"Q5595283"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$ECF3B832-A50D-40EC-BF3A-76C2FEE6C82D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c011d01fadc098ea0840f052a3ba5f929cf8a267","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2557879,"id":"Q2557879"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$E3B5608C-B771-4C51-AA15-20CCB4B003B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c89483bf63b7932260c4629030e99fb354430445","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3265794,"id":"Q3265794"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$1AAC5EFF-2A9D-47E9-A694-FADA7ECCFBA2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"19857bb239febe21cb45f1118251fe1c7cf8d5cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5588003,"id":"Q5588003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1121477$F53EF8C5-E0B3-42F9-8F3A-79D14504C485","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8da5a69fd3fd2702f5289bca8052a0a0c77ff06b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":583543,"id":"Q583543"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"50d133b5030c06cdd3d7351a016dfc9f222f7234","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.874817967414856","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121477$414E7E89-31EF-409A-8742-A1F391C8C3F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"229475832cf942d8ef304e5d711d747de2943ad4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3490442,"id":"Q3490442"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f4d98c7760d57afd8e083504cbc6ff815da164a1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8540328741073608","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121477$13455473-A3CB-49A6-83F7-718D76689840","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"464958f5ac2f8b7e01913d103999fc2007dbbbbd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3723068,"id":"Q3723068"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"466b91ad14681f0352721e6441c9746ba282d34f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8256016969680786","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121477$D2062ADA-5D68-4B76-817F-E7648F4B76AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dfb84ea8df72529516cf17827ec72383b951a4ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3032775,"id":"Q3032775"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b5fb6f34e4e2fe66b7398395f3fbd4a98e740bdb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8096568584442139","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121477$7743A4D1-A31C-45A5-9B25-70C1C07FDBE5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec86817902e0d5d68a06f84897bfa0f0b6cf1886","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2098230,"id":"Q2098230"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d6d356aa637960d7343c9ded84596ad9f3e4e125","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8084172606468201","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1121477$E5E96C5D-7E6D-4D75-8E46-D26908367498","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Bounded orthogonal systems and the \\(\\Lambda\\) (p)-set problem","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Bounded_orthogonal_systems_and_the_%5C(%5CLambda%5C)_(p)-set_problem"}}}}}