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Put \\({\\mathbb{Z}}=<\\gamma >\\), \\(j_ i(\\gamma)=\\gamma_ i\\), \\(j_ i: {\\mathbb{Z}}\\hookrightarrow G_ i\\), \\(i=0,1\\), and call a reduced word in a free group with basis \\(e_ 1,...,e_ k\\) ``quadratic'', if \\(e_ i^{\\pm 1}\\) occurs at most twice in it.    Theorem 1: If \\(G_ 0*_{{\\mathbb{Z}}} G_ 1\\) acts freely on an \\({\\mathbb{R}}\\)- tree, either \\(\\gamma_ i\\) generates a free factor of \\(G_ i\\) for \\(i=0\\) or \\(i=1\\) (trivial case), or \\(G_ i=H_ i*F_ i\\), \\(F_ i\\) free, and \\(\\gamma_ i\\in F_ i\\) quadratic for \\(i=0,1\\). - If the \\(G_ i\\) are finitely presented, one has \\(G\\cong H_ 0*G'*H_ 1\\), \\(H_ i\\) a free factor of \\(G_ i\\), and \\(G'\\) a free product of a surface group and a free group.    Such groups do act freely on an \\({\\mathbb{R}}\\)-tree, if one excludes the 3 smallest non-orientable surface groups [see the author and \\textit{P. Shalen}, Free actions of surface groups on \\({\\mathbb{R}}\\)-trees (to appear)]. The problem is solved by producing a fixed point for an assumed free action of G in all cases save the ``small'' ones mentioned in Theorem 1.    The theory of codimension-1 measured laminations developed by the author and \\textit{P. Shalen} [Ann. Math., II. 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