{"entities":{"Q1127600":{"pageid":1138349,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1127600","lastrevid":46850070,"modified":"2025-12-25T17:31:12Z","type":"item","id":"Q1127600","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Simultaneous approximation and algebraic independence"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1185664"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$D276E317-DCA8-4724-8671-6EBD02F5BF6A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c8d568f91d0df0cab10bc38c14c6aee9a2a0ba79","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Simultaneous approximation and algebraic independence","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$5D77B6BA-0351-4878-AD56-16C3961F02E0","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b22ba5412bd758c7ef557467305babc48ffbbe1a","datavalue":{"value":"0916.11042","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$A60F976A-572A-41C1-8BDF-0F463F3ACB37","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"dec961993a843b090c771ddcf138410c6cb993b9","datavalue":{"value":"10.1023/A:1009757810489","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$6BFC03FB-F876-40D4-B16E-B8E1363AC9C4","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"046cd00ac4a59c174fd59c555c8c73619208536c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":284781,"id":"Q284781"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$DC6673C2-B28E-4F50-A04F-AD94388191A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8c5fa69607d0bdcedd24f73dda7cae93a77d0018","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":194752,"id":"Q194752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$579BF6BD-B63C-450E-84EC-CD55A17A7FE6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"08c25da5813a64bb58b545e5a473febdb94089f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175895,"id":"Q175895"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$B221675D-9A5D-4F42-81B2-5B2B8F84466D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6094f3d127c088853e8107203d6bdf198a3687af","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1999-07-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$82FF7B16-BBD9-4024-B630-3772B3F18889","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9a38babe07ddc8f6ac86ab5f6a1540476e6ce5f9","datavalue":{"value":"Rappelons la notion de mesure d'approximation simultan\u00e9e (MAS): soit \\(\\theta= (\\theta_1,\\dots,\\theta_n)\\in \\mathbb{C}^n\\); une application \\(\\varphi: \\mathbb{N}\\times [0,+\\infty[\\to [0,+\\infty]\\) est une MAS pour \\(\\theta\\) si il existe \\(D_0\\in\\mathbb{N}\\) et \\(h_0\\geq 1\\) tels que, pour tout entier \\(D\\geq D_0\\), tout nombre r\u00e9el \\(h\\geq h_0\\) et tout \\(n\\)-uplet \\((\\gamma_1,\\dots, \\gamma_n)\\) de nombres alg\u00e9briques satisfaisant \\([\\mathbb{Q}(\\gamma_1,\\dots, \\gamma_n): \\mathbb{Q}]\\leq D\\) et \\(\\max_i h(\\gamma_i)\\leq h\\), on a \\(\\max_i|\\theta_i- \\gamma_i|\\geq\\exp(- \\varphi(D,h))\\), o\u00f9 \\(h(.)\\) est la hauteur logarithmique absolue.   Il y a dans ce texte deux th\u00e8mes largement ind\u00e9pendants.   Le premier th\u00e8me concerne la fa\u00e7on d'obtenir des MAS pour des familles de nombres li\u00e9s aux fonctions exponentielle et elliptiques. Il s'agit d'exploiter le th\u00e9or\u00e8me du sous-groupe alg\u00e9brique (version effective) de \\textit{M. Waldschmidt} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 493, 61-113 (1997; Zbl 0880.11054)]; ici les AA. explicitent ce th\u00e9or\u00e8me dans le cas d'un groupe alg\u00e9brique de la forme \\(\\mathbb{G}^{d_0}_a\\times \\mathbb{G}^{d_1}_m\\times E^{d_2}\\), o\u00f9 \\(E\\) est une courbe elliptique d'invariants alg\u00e9briques (Theorem 5.1) et tous les cas trait\u00e9s sauf un (Theorem 4.1: MAS de \\((\\pi, \\Gamma(1/4))\\)) sont obtenus comme corollaires de ce Theorem 5.1. Sous ce th\u00e9or\u00e8me du sous-groupe alg\u00e9brique est donc cach\u00e9e la ``machine transcendante'', qui utilise principalement deux ingr\u00e9dients: la technique des d\u00e9terminants d'interpolation de M. Laurent et les lemmes de z\u00e9ros pour les groupes alg\u00e9briques commutatifs de P. Philippon. Bien s\u00fbr, l'id\u00e9e d'obtenir des MAS via les constructions transcendantes associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode de Gel'fond-Schneider-Baker n'est pas nouvelle; ce qui est nouveau, c'est de proposer un r\u00e9sultat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (le th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Waldschmidt (loc. cit.)) ayant vocation \u00e0 contenir tout ce que l'on sait faire dans le cadre des groupes alg\u00e9briques commutatifs en mati\u00e8re d'approximation diophantienne (avec quelques nuances: voir le \\S 7 de Waldschmidt (loc. cit.)). Comme exemples de MAS obtenues par les AA. notons une MAS de \\((a,a^\\beta,\\dots, a^{\\beta^{d-1}})\\) o\u00f9 \\(a\\in \\mathbb{C}\\setminus\\{0\\}\\) et \\(\\beta\\) est alg\u00e9brique de degr\u00e9 \\(d\\geq 2\\); une MAS de \\((e^\\beta,\\dots, e^{\\beta_n})\\) o\u00f9 \\((\\beta_1,\\dots, \\beta_n)\\) est une famille \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\)-lin\u00e9airement ind\u00e9pendante de nombres alg\u00e9briques; une MAS de \\((\\log \\alpha,\\alpha^\\beta)\\) o\u00f9 \\(\\beta\\) est un nombre quadratique et \\(\\log\\alpha\\) un logarithme non nul du nombre alg\u00e9brique \\(\\alpha\\).   Le second th\u00e8me concerne les liens qui existent entre les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s d'approximation diophantienne de \\(\\underline\\theta= (\\theta_1,\\dots, \\theta_n)\\in \\mathbb{C}^n\\) et \\(t(\\underline\\theta)= \\text{deg tr}_{\\mathbb{Q}}\\mathbb{Q}(\\theta_1,\\dots, \\theta_n)\\): que peut-on dire de \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\) lorsque l'on dipose d'une MAS \\(\\varphi\\) de \\(\\theta\\)? Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, peut-on donner des conditions suffisantes sur \\(\\varphi\\) qui permettent de minorer \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\)? L'id\u00e9e sous-jacente est que si l'on a une ``bonne'' MAS de \\(\\underline\\theta\\) alors \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\) doit \u00eatre ``grand'' (cela ne fonctionne pas dans l'autre sens: \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\) peut \u00eatre ``grand'' sans que \\(\\underline\\theta\\) poss\u00e8de une ``bonne'' MAS; voir par exemple \\textit{M. Waldschmidt} [Transcendence and algebraic independence of Liouville-like numbers, Bull. Greek Math. Soc. (\u00e0 para\u00eetre)]. Les AA. donnent une condition suffisante pour avoir \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\geq 2\\) (Corollary 1.2); c'est un corollaire d'un r\u00e9sultat d'approximation obtenu par \\textit{D. Roy} et \\textit{M. Waldschmidt} [Ann. Sci. \u00c9c. Norm. Sup\u00e9r. (4) 30, No. 6, 753-796 (1997; Zbl 0895.11030)]. Ce r\u00e9sultat d'approximation (th\u00e9or\u00e8me 3.2 de l'article pr\u00e9cit\u00e9) compl\u00e8te des r\u00e9sultats ant\u00e9rieurs de E. Wirsing et de A. Durand, il a suscit\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de nouveaux travaux (M. Laurent et D. Roy, P. Philippon, Y. Bugeaud). Ces r\u00e9sultats d'approximation sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 la question suivante: \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 un nombre transcendant \\(\\theta\\), avec quelle pr\u00e9cision peut-on approcher \\(\\theta\\) par des nombres alg\u00e9briques dont on veut contr\u00f4ler le degr\u00e9 et/ou la hauteur?   Le Corollary 1.2 (condition suffisante pour avoir \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\geq 2\\)) peut \u00eatre vu comme une alternative au classique ``crit\u00e8re de Gel'fond''. Mais il est clair que, si l'objectif principal est d'obtenir \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\geq 2\\), le passage par une MAS peut \u00eatre p\u00e9nalisant en ce sens qu'il oblige \u00e0 introduire des ``hypoth\u00e8ses techniques'' ind\u00e9sirables (voir un exemple avec le Theorem 2.3). Par ailleurs on ne dispose pas de r\u00e9sultat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral donnant une minoration \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\geq k\\) (en dehors du cas \\(k=2\\)). Il existe une conjecture g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de \\textit{M. Waldschmidt} [Conjectures for large transcendence degree, Number theory, Conference Graz 1998 (\u00e0 para\u00eetre)] et \\textit{P. Philippon} [Approximations alg\u00e9briques des points dans les espaces projectifs (soumis)], avec un point de vue l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rent, annonce des r\u00e9sultats qui devraient pouvoir conduire \u00e0 \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\geq 3\\), \\(t(\\underline\\theta)\\geq 4\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$6580C78F-3897-4F74-A35A-7ECAA0EEF265","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a4e087a0c464b17326138e45178f7b28f7d5d64a","datavalue":{"value":"11J85","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$AE4D98B3-06A6-4151-9E38-3EC626CACA01","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7a88e9bb6c8447cdb3018b8d08a5a3871d0f50a1","datavalue":{"value":"11J82","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$B2BA9923-7F74-4F04-90BE-0415D591CFC6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1e88d853fe26e3e97e7d28175bdc252d8a38cf5a","datavalue":{"value":"11J89","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$9D21F7DE-5116-4093-AF6C-20B294CD6E50","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4cdbbbadd6a0f51224f0901f78847e129fcc704d","datavalue":{"value":"11J91","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$189F70EA-BB16-47D2-9A8C-1284F966C57A","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"9641ed6183580592cb80e748d68a74af9a848017","datavalue":{"value":"1185664","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$15059C23-8254-48AF-8397-362CDC0FEACB","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f1e9abf753b29646279ccf1626628d3e2fdb0145","datavalue":{"value":"algebraic approximation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$B58CF893-640F-4644-8532-0E8D9FA08B28","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8698fa2a36bfed7867a9d6e4aeda6f3937a78389","datavalue":{"value":"algebraic independence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$32EF5188-E1D5-49B6-A67C-717223DC5455","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ecbd6b871bec46512136b6f88786686118ed9f56","datavalue":{"value":"simultaneous approximation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$E7AF0A5E-79B8-4192-BC4D-7E57B51AC7AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"45c526b01d8ac3c8490f4e9edfb4d899bc1770ae","datavalue":{"value":"exponential functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$2E7DFADC-209F-4271-B07E-3C232631DEB2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8e2e31d18465d12e7a94843e617e011f9724654c","datavalue":{"value":"elliptic functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$F2CFFD0C-3176-4CA7-A73D-D43CFEF0BEA3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b11706b22ed17c6891f3442bec83f83188933f28","datavalue":{"value":"Waldschmidt's algebraic subgroup theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$857587F2-F7AF-4C7C-AE5C-26852485CA2B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e6e0cb320efe19ccc8a9c4002c78e3a0fe1b4830","datavalue":{"value":"logarithmic independence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$6633FF40-BA38-4807-8AA6-1A736F70CDF0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1e14603aba601bf3236de455fb62a001a04fc720","datavalue":{"value":"transcendental methods","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$700D5026-0897-43B2-934F-D6D91964D2BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5dacfd19b9b52db987d6f0c1cf9d7be9b474b9fc","datavalue":{"value":"heights","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$35231E87-6E62-4E0F-BE6E-7B324D4FFB86","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1127600$C3F4F370-C185-4A5B-8FD0-FB04751C94E7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"093870598497dbe0243d78667cc35e2cb168b410","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4249520,"id":"Q4249520"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"20ce83d59c4816235d7a760a3196de6b7adacc58","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8904286026954651","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1127600$AEA3ED35-1911-4F14-96FF-F31EECF85E98","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"85a3cb788a390c24c01de33890a841b49881a8db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3484928,"id":"Q3484928"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5366c294ee3627a55860b5a7d1e5bf52205eaba9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8716260194778442","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1127600$DF652FEB-6285-49ED-A2D9-95113B799B7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15540d5ebe27472af6fc415deccbcee7269c846b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4729867,"id":"Q4729867"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1dc93a349db0a94b28fc2084e2235ad3a699ce0f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8510140776634216","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1127600$3C73E85E-422D-4B8B-A265-72E1F7BF5A5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a0e7de8c94e4ac8e30ffd57b907d27c2191670c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":558157,"id":"Q558157"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"882f8e62bbad4611be7db5ab3ee6362ca14454d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8283718228340149","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1127600$77AE4BFC-A8F9-4222-BD0A-055787C267E2","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1127600","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1127600"}}}}}