{"entities":{"Q1130087":{"pageid":1140836,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1130087","lastrevid":66195210,"modified":"2026-04-12T08:11:20Z","type":"item","id":"Q1130087","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Architectural planning. From stone cutting to descriptive geometry. 16th to 19th century"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1191583"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$0FB7A4A5-00FB-47D5-A147-1128A1D60E60","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"10f9c1f773d978628b1270f69cf493667e991c68","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Architectural planning. From stone cutting to descriptive geometry. 16th to 19th century","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$F9FEB065-2A30-45F7-94DA-A4384E4C2B6E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"559a1109bef1e98d43d07b9c7a414961336a6636","datavalue":{"value":"0901.01002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$8E622C99-D873-4D89-A5F7-1C55052B2948","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"56b3280f57dd4b85e5936ea5bc18f107095c48d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1130086,"id":"Q1130086"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$8FAA4E89-1F88-4FF5-84FC-4792355AADC1","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"890bb0d6588f16dc8cf8eac20f08027b5a33306c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":173499,"id":"Q173499"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$67DEC29B-C80A-48CB-BC47-08BCF94709E9","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"9ba235200931128e050885ee6451f77f19c1933a","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1998-08-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$34C524E9-1168-4B17-B18E-259229DAE3D6","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"83f3c8c2af2bac89c947801f0febc61ed24ae910","datavalue":{"value":"Einleitung: Von Gaspar Monge ausgehend, werden an Beispielen die verschiedenen graphischen Darstellungsverfahren aufgezeigt. Fig. 1-7.   I. Bereits in Mesopotamien und \u00c4gypten wurden Baupl\u00e4ne angefertigt. Solche sind aus dem Mittelalter \u00fcberliefert, etwa f\u00fcr das Kloster St. Gallen. Schriften zur Architektur stammen u.a. von Villard de Honnecourt, Raffael und D\u00fcrer. Es werden deren verschiedene Projektionsarten von Grund- und Aufri\u00df dargelegt. Castillon befa\u00dfte sich mit der Zeichnung von Schatten. 71 Figuren.   II. Bearbeitung der Bausteine und Probleme der Formgestaltung. D\u00fcrer betonte wie wichtig es ist, Bausteine richtig zu formen. Abbildungen zeigen Gew\u00f6lbe aus der Antike und dem Mittelalter. Sie werden in verschiedenen Projektionsarten dargestellt. Die verschiedenen franz\u00f6sischen Schulen werden behandelt.   III. Die Darstellende Geometrie, eine umw\u00e4lzende Wissenschaft. Gaspard Monge, Anh\u00e4nger der Franz\u00f6sischen Revolution und Freund von Napoleon, wurde durch seine Lektionen und durch sein Buch ``G\u00e9ometrie descriptive'' (1795, 1799 und weitere Auflagen sowie \u00dcbersetzungen in Fremdsprachen) Begr\u00fcnder dieser Disziplin. Diese wird zum zentralen Lehrfach der Ingenieursch\u00fcler weltweit in allen polytechnischen Lehranstalten. Monge lieferte zu dem Beitr\u00e4ge zur Physik, Chemie und zur Konstruktion von Kanonen. Er begleitete Napoleon nach Italien und nach \u00c4gypten. -- Die Schule von M\u00e9zi\u00e8res vor und unter Monge. -- Beitr\u00e4ge zur Differentialgeometrie von Kurven und Fl\u00e4chen. Durchdringung von Fl\u00e4chen. 45 Figuren.   IV. J.-L. Coolidge schreibt 1940, es sei schwierig, in der Geometrie des Raumes Probleme zu finden, die erstmals von Monge gel\u00f6st wurden. So verliert am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts die Darstellende Geometrie an Wertsch\u00e4tzung, bleibt aber das unentbehrliche Handwerk des Architekten. 26 Figuren.   Annexe III: Monge als Mitglied der ``Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 patriotique'' 1789 und Chronologie seiner wissenschaftlichen und politischen T\u00e4tigkeit bis zu seinem Tod 1818. S. 400-420: Bibliographie.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$3D4629CF-5D52-47DF-92EB-74A5284CEE22","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6cebdb0e1604e1162f6ce137bcdc783fa53247d9","datavalue":{"value":"01A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$13BC0D07-0712-431B-9E8F-D6E76927DA3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"66b8121e6b72a4ef8dd2842f0694889ce95a13fd","datavalue":{"value":"01-02","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$DEE4FB5F-AFCD-4950-B00E-692B2932CC0F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"430547771be8341149c427c126d8700b0dea2a5d","datavalue":{"value":"52-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$3230FF39-5C4D-46EF-B77E-0BF2DDBDA7F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7d2faf519cfb4e13a840d62bbf6b84505223794d","datavalue":{"value":"51N05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$EFE0830A-5BBB-42C4-9701-562B60C6258D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"639619797eedf3f4840becf9d3e250f519b5a5a6","datavalue":{"value":"1191583","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$4782FDBF-599B-47E6-B5B9-208237187351","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9a11eeb974ad1aadb9a4d507da534a8d75a7c515","datavalue":{"value":"Villard de Honnecourt","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$BCBFDE8F-EE02-4416-92A9-132F729F906B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"794b73c9c7b94b9d344220b9119959cb4f3c5c5d","datavalue":{"value":"Raffael","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$2041A11D-2BFF-44E6-B33F-AAAD16ED0C28","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f0f1add761155415414ddca818a916fbacb3c699","datavalue":{"value":"D\u00fcrer","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$FFDDFE41-B958-4502-88D3-32525330D76E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ee3d96436661e2d1268f3c76c045404c696ff691","datavalue":{"value":"Castillon","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$B3F40FF9-2AFE-4905-A63D-6A782741132D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8f8b7ec0d6ef47d3dbd79053191f41f1b04af52a","datavalue":{"value":"Gaspard Monge","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$64CE8226-1BB0-471E-A622-BFC4224D23FD","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"7b61c232231314dbf1d7d0a1721ad6c8e3a0ce1f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":576721,"id":"Q576721"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$1968BDA9-BD11-4E56-B577-792B9A82616D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1130087$071E6D83-C59D-4FA3-A407-B3025F81D326","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3478e86b655d3a1ab1aa39581e33cb198be3da72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2813267,"id":"Q2813267"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c5a5468ec41564015a8a36170de014ad30106e4b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7855141758918762","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1130087$A0729B95-01B3-4F56-94F9-C2ED85FFABB1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"78d32d56cc2745122f456de743f8c2635038a01d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5112325,"id":"Q5112325"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"43ac849cd704a7e8b579e01a0cf61158435e633d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7777220010757446","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1130087$6727C4EA-1FDE-4843-AFB6-83D5CF67271C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b68965119dc1dfe5660aeafc97b9df84ca01404f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5112324,"id":"Q5112324"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ff008ed9d63d36541adae9c8b5266332b5390d73","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7631151080131531","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1130087$BEE0AF28-18CC-4CFF-82CC-9149B852618B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Architectural planning. From stone cutting to descriptive geometry. 16th to 19th century","badges":[]}}}}}