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Es ist bekannt [\\textit{M. Kneser}, Math. Z. 58, 459--484 (1953; Zbl 0051.28104)], da\u00df\\ stets \\(| A+B|\\geq | A| +| B| -| P|\\) ist. Hauptergebnis der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Bestimmung aller Paare \\(A,B\\) mit \\(| A+B|<| A| +| B|\\). Durch \u00dcbergang zur Faktorgruppe \\(G/P\\) kann man \\(A+B\\) aperiodisch voraussetzen, so dass also (1) \\(| A+B|= | A| +| B| -1\\) wird. Allgemeiner wird ein Verfahren angegeben, um alle Paare \\(A,B\\) zu bestimmen, f\u00fcr die (1) gilt und, falls \\(A+B\\) periodisch ist, die Anzahl \\(n(c;A,B)\\) der L\u00f6sungen \\((a,b)\\) von \\(a+b=c\\), \\(a\\in A\\), \\(b\\in B\\) f\u00fcr mindestens ein \\(c\\) gleich eins ist. Solche Paare m\u00f6gen kritisch hei\u00dfen. Beispiele sind a) \\(| A| =1\\) oder \\(| B| =1\\); b) \\(A=\\{a+nd\\mid n=0,1,\\dots,| A|-1\\}\\), \\(B=\\{b+nd\\mid n=0,1,\\dots,| B|-1\\}\\) mit einem Element \\(d\\), dessen Ordnung \\(\\geq | A| +| B| -1\\) ist; c) \\(H\\) ist eine endliche Untergruppe von\\(G\\), \\(A\\) und \\(B\\) sind je in einer Restklassee mod \\(H\\) enthalten, \\(| A| +| B| =| H| +1\\) und f\u00fcr mindestens ein \\(c\\) ist \\(n(c;A,B)=1\\); d) \\(A\\) ist aperiodisch, in einer Restklasse modulo einer endlichen Untergruppe \\(H\\) enthalten, und \\(B=g-(\\mathfrak{C} A\\cap (a+H))\\) mit \\(a\\in A\\), \\(g\\in G\\). Paare dieser Art m\u00f6gen elementar hei\u00dfen. Dann gilt: \\(A,B\\) ist genau dann kritisch, wenn es eine Untergruppe \\(H\\neq \\{0\\}\\) von \\(G\\) gibt und Zerlegungen \\(A=A_1\\cup A_2\\), \\(B=B_1\\cup B_2\\) mit den Eigenschaften (i) \\(A_1\\) und \\(B_1\\) sind je in einer Restklasse mod \\(H\\) enthalten und bilden ein elementar kritisches Paar; (ii) \\(A_2\\) und \\(B_2\\) bestehen aus vollen Restklassen modulo \\(H\\); (iii) Ist \\(p\\) der kanonische Homomorphismus \\(G\\to G/H\\), so ist \\(pA,pB\\) ein kritisches Paar mit \\(n(pA_1+pA_2;pA,pB)=1\\). Dieser Satz erlaubt induktiv die Konstruktion aller kritischen Paare. Schlie\u00dflich werden noch einige S\u00e4tze \u00fcber die L\u00f6sungsanzahlen \\(n(c;A,B)\\) im Falle \\(| A+B| < | A| +| B| \\) 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