{"entities":{"Q1166551":{"pageid":1177300,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1166551","lastrevid":70160967,"modified":"2026-04-13T12:51:01Z","type":"item","id":"Q1166551","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Generalizations of theorems of Wilson, Fermat and Euler"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3769712"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$2AF2C829-3B41-45B1-95D4-5CB2FDBF1310","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"128979017acfaed7b0bd8dc5e95c0cda575e95c7","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Generalizations of theorems of Wilson, Fermat and Euler","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$06CA5EA5-CC33-4D5D-9935-C40836335E5B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"15a5e7f5363facff3ef2fa875c127036b1b168cc","datavalue":{"value":"0489.10002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$02C4856D-AED8-4C70-A70B-303BA86EF76F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f40d8feffc2fdd0c337f18364fd6e9f24428d109","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-314X(82)90085-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$4C2BC9C0-1895-477F-ADF0-FC766C74E511","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1cb75dc6f062feb616464ccf45a1b9661d50e1d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1053706,"id":"Q1053706"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$3195444F-7371-45BA-B108-C48341DD568F","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e6cac328d206d9ef9b7afb3fb4ca5d1d204199af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167107,"id":"Q167107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$15416217-B4F2-4C61-A366-9021D5118C23","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"47f57cd36df9e30d446df3867dc3917e4ea74654","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1982-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$47CF15EF-D8B0-4B1B-9531-6427BE8031D5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d2315c6541071176cdaa58b6ab29642bb9934d21","datavalue":{"value":"The author uses P\u00f3lya-Bruijn enumeration theory to give some generalizations of the theorems in the title. So, for instance, Wilson's theorem is a consequence of the following congruence  \\[  \\sum_{d\\mid n} (\\varphi(d))^2 \\cdot d^{n/d-1} \\cdot \\left(\\frac{n}{d} - 1\\right)! \\equiv 0 \\bmod n  \\]   being true for every positive integer \\(n\\). The proofs in this part of the paper are based on the explicit knowledge of the cycle index of the cyclic permutation group \\(C_n = <(12\\cdots n)>\\) of order \\(n\\) generated by the cycle \\((12\\cdots n)\\) acting on the set \\(D= \\{1,2,\\ldots,n\\}\\). Then an algorithm for the determination of equivalence classes of functions \\(f\\in R^n\\) where \\(D= \\{1,2,\\ldots,n\\}\\), \\(R= \\{1,2,\\ldots,t\\}\\) is given. The algorithm uses the incidence matrix of the function which class is determined and the permutation matrix groups corresponding to the groups acting on \\(D\\) and \\(R\\).   In the final section of the paper the author presents some interpretations for Wilson's and Fermat's quotients using some properties of this algorithm. Thus \\(\\frac1{p}(a^p - a)\\) is the number of equivalence classes each containing \\(p\\) functions in \\(R^n\\) \\((n=p,\\ t=a)\\) if \\(C_p\\) acts on \\(D\\) and the identity group on \\(R\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$A33D80AF-7F6A-48D1-891A-0A0367CDBB38","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ac599b3b4b403e13ff34b53d17b49cf088c1290e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587322,"id":"Q587322"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$97002B69-632E-48FD-9E39-B84CB9C78A7E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6321ce6a9565f5f3e695a7afbb7a3eee2274d95d","datavalue":{"value":"11A07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$25C07596-A02E-4CEF-A3C2-A136DEC8CE6B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b6a686fef1013593a32f9e8e67eecdd50e96866a","datavalue":{"value":"05A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$0C78FD79-B87F-4D18-8541-94FB923F5D31","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"972eb9a6f1df49d09321d32e8ba8ef6830d63816","datavalue":{"value":"3769712","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$CD135A35-6DA6-4D23-8979-E58306EA98D5","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"93a7d464718391b1ca95ccae36722e9b8a92e30e","datavalue":{"value":"Wilson theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$1AA06F18-7BCD-42D4-A3A5-9538F05AAD18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6e7c9072d0428f772ebd3515e39ca325a871d8f0","datavalue":{"value":"Fermat-Euler theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$FBC20FB2-B742-4681-9343-B2AE73894E73","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"60b0f1d6827fc25a6af16338b610d4e1c4ad7a3c","datavalue":{"value":"Gauss theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$ECDCE023-9B87-495B-BF29-4262DFAFA2B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0356703283155bf3634ca1f56451e568e63eb000","datavalue":{"value":"Polya-Bruijn enumeration theorems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$F1742762-6A5F-4535-AC08-AA56B0BD87F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3b03aaed2aaaf567a499302be0bab232a6118bc8","datavalue":{"value":"Fermat's quotient","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$97C82A60-A83D-4E0E-856B-18FA63FA95EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"996e02d827fe8499b7fbeca2dc09c72d49555cec","datavalue":{"value":"Wilson's quotient","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$DBAD9D58-1844-4EC6-A4BD-B73CEC17B341","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bc58492d6994130b62b1991a7ca2f247762f944a","datavalue":{"value":"algorithm for determination of equivalence classes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$D361511E-D7A5-4F10-B29B-E2F23CBE7509","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$6BEFE0DC-3A57-441A-951E-883461152105","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b3cfcee7ddba03eaa2370d834da57d2526283b3e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3851098,"id":"Q3851098"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$9B5D4769-1B0C-47A3-85D1-05C2AE94EB9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e54a2f096f7c60b90275e5cfbfa5c2fd9887406c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":768278,"id":"Q768278"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$F67987BD-DA64-4F00-9A02-9E24CC9BEDB5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa24fa2c8ee8861ad8621eb4252aa4bcf07416ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3922830,"id":"Q3922830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$E933C7FA-89E1-435E-AF16-3B043400A2F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"701179a4cb6778efdf79b6951df4a172985b04f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3208805,"id":"Q3208805"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$3F2C3847-C47F-4A68-BA23-46EF24175B93","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"20fe1ef419cb3e9ba7b89bf8a43a28f7a4b5a86e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5519913,"id":"Q5519913"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$3299ED88-D89D-4988-AED8-A03F48EAE687","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"618fe8f8d70f93d7032caf4dce373142c9cc98fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5650687,"id":"Q5650687"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$9822816B-2D5D-496F-A238-FFD70740087C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2bd62f898f0d38ecf68d1eb7d4c2df84239fb9ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5540463,"id":"Q5540463"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$B20E57D6-509B-4D28-9383-962FA54CE132","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"80cea59e742bdaff74cbd2a0b9614e3b0b997f7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4198515,"id":"Q4198515"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$492051FF-0958-454C-8818-FB9D01020053","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"200428f798d712044a56e8a31000fc604d001cb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5534298,"id":"Q5534298"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$9F184243-E062-4461-80C8-1D630C5D81FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e72170ccda915af65c3f66c58096c1a1f9d888d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":775348,"id":"Q775348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$09F76BC4-3151-462C-B96C-720A272596FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cff90b53746deaf40f0bd975035788d645dc76ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5682013,"id":"Q5682013"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$7092BF75-3F7B-4F32-B124-AC2EBFDB0CB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e1f6aa5a7dbb8eced91175201c5b61a84466f7ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3259107,"id":"Q3259107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$4FF3EE85-EF12-4ABF-A453-7AA7683E0253","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b9810eeb05ca4f923ac6d523123330ca243057be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3872530,"id":"Q3872530"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$D144FD1C-3453-47E7-9204-47627C8DD27A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ac4f8e60b51890730f11e652d2f20c7ee1514c19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3255354,"id":"Q3255354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$7C60DB5B-C83A-4D4C-8716-470C790E7DC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"77283882bac16aa9206287b75a988ee6fe7637ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5820557,"id":"Q5820557"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$A026EC36-6965-4098-B20F-B081A0CEC5DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"00345350d486c3df5e115a5ef087cfc09ff55cc2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5733621,"id":"Q5733621"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1166551$C0F0DE1F-810D-4367-AFC6-444DABFC4E2E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c54838a8e0d236581f2b563428cf856a79dfdfd1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3428644,"id":"Q3428644"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"df4c863feccb3674cf33a3f9473896f5490ea43b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8195173144340515","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1166551$6FA25405-DCFE-4DFA-9FEE-E538FEC4A202","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5161450c080de3f55eae94f01162be3ae1062744","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3090485,"id":"Q3090485"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7c1f4c2fdc79f843b34792a6ff76efa61ce592f8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7965707182884216","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1166551$7E3B52F2-EA68-4601-BEAC-4B6D86DFF324","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2e366d719b17798c1f8fd1f6926e7db69d4b6761","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3804709,"id":"Q3804709"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"759612852395114d8b9b890f3d050f1646345786","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7665179967880249","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1166551$B6D0B318-3352-45B4-91E2-B7C8FC985A08","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"72db24ed52322e74de8d25692008bf472c71480c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4622953,"id":"Q4622953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a8f5fd119e9d3701f086f0bbb20290271554c5c3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7548653483390808","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1166551$DDD1E2FA-4CF7-49B8-9937-0B84CB7A4D40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7bcb5b64a53ca6d3c14dd903a23f48906d46106e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4713750,"id":"Q4713750"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"28e42b3fd20cc11c7ee075ee23b3c6376577b29c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7529435157775879","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1166551$A0D03EB8-2678-40F8-B514-E435F8D7C4C0","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Generalizations of theorems of Wilson, Fermat and Euler","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Generalizations_of_theorems_of_Wilson,_Fermat_and_Euler"}}}}}