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Usually, these paths are introduced by stating that in suitable coordinates there is a parametrization such that all of these paths obey the differential equation \\(d^ 2x^ a/d\\tau^ 2=0\\). It should, however, be clear that such a coordinate dependant characterization of the basic elements of physics is in no way satisfying. The authors remedy this fault, giving characterizations of the system of geodesic paths by purely incidence-geometric properties. In accordance with the prominent r\u00f4le of the Desargues configuration in the foundations of geometry, it turns out that the Desargues property, in fact the validity of a local version of Desargues' theorem up to errors of third order suffices for the desired characterization. As is well-known, the Desargues property expresses a high degree of homogeneity for the system of paths; in particular a two-dimensional geometry can be embedded into one of higher dimension if and only if it is Desarguesian [cp. \\textit{D. Betten} and \\textit{C. Horstmann}, Result. Math. 6, 27-35 (1983; Zbl 0532.51020)]. Locally Desarguesian surfaces have been discussed by \\textit{L. Br\u00f6cker} [Atti Convegno Geom. combinat. Appl. Perugia 1970, 103-111 (1971; Zbl 0227.50011)]. Precisely, the authors prove the following theorem: given an \\(n\\)-dimensional smooth manifold \\(M\\), a path structure in \\(M\\) is inertial if and only if each point of \\(M\\) has an \\(\\varepsilon\\)-neighbourhood \\(U\\) such that Desargues' theorem holds in order \\(\\varepsilon^ 2\\) (i.e. up to correction of order \\(\\varepsilon^ 3\\)) whenever all the relevant intersection points of 10 paths lie in \\(U\\). Here, a path structure is a system of sufficiently smooth curves in \\(M\\) such that through any given point there is a unique path in each direction.   The authors point out that the Desargues property also permits to describe the spacelike geodesics if only the timelike ones are known (without using 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